{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079648001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16063302","title":"A Bayesian Probabilistic Framework for Rain Detection","display_name":"A Bayesian Probabilistic Framework for Rain Detection","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079648001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16063302","mag":"2079648001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16063302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16063302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/6/3302/pdf?version=1424785491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/6/3302/pdf?version=1424785491","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761068","display_name":"Chen Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9656-1448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111163","display_name":"Shanghai Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/027r7gj11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111163"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai, China","The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, No. 76 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Digital Media Processing and Transmission, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, No. 76 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055293530","display_name":"Ci Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6040-3168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ci Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Electronic, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058768134","display_name":"Lijuan Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, No. 76 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, No. 76 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082455419","display_name":"Yunfei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-5830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302611135","display_name":"Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/00bt9we26","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, No. 76 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Third Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security, No. 76 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055293530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.4936,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70693667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"3302","last_page":"3314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6572791337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5574406385421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5537716150283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5200657248497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5061115622520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.45487651228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4470144808292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.4357627034187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discontinuity","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","score":0.4317910075187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4207344055175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.415892630815506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4112658202648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.395891398191452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26105815172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.175910085439682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.1603228747844696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6572791337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5574406385421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5537716150283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5200657248497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5061115622520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.45487651228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4470144808292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4357627034187317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281658","display_name":"Discontinuity (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4317910075187683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4207344055175781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.415892630815506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4112658202648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.395891398191452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26105815172195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.175910085439682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.1603228747844696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16063302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16063302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/6/3302/pdf?version=1424785491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:55cc782fe96f4248aee4728dda155bfd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/55cc782fe96f4248aee4728dda155bfd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 16, Iss 6, Pp 3302-3314 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16063302","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16063302","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/6/3302/pdf?version=1424785491","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079648001.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2079648001.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79315950","https://openalex.org/W1538781788","https://openalex.org/W1572507715","https://openalex.org/W1938714998","https://openalex.org/W1965572510","https://openalex.org/W1976056157","https://openalex.org/W1986266272","https://openalex.org/W2024483680","https://openalex.org/W2040073627","https://openalex.org/W2050861832","https://openalex.org/W2054199224","https://openalex.org/W2096672847","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2100925004","https://openalex.org/W2103994569","https://openalex.org/W2113451090","https://openalex.org/W2113569611","https://openalex.org/W2114122776","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2119535410","https://openalex.org/W2121396509","https://openalex.org/W2122596619","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2130293653","https://openalex.org/W2133693718","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2145022254","https://openalex.org/W2153663612","https://openalex.org/W2160547390","https://openalex.org/W2161612652","https://openalex.org/W2175112239","https://openalex.org/W2857642368","https://openalex.org/W4248936881"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2473373438","https://openalex.org/W2368486525","https://openalex.org/W2065914597","https://openalex.org/W805531662","https://openalex.org/W2077224612","https://openalex.org/W84255947","https://openalex.org/W2153481672","https://openalex.org/W4312864369","https://openalex.org/W2014842417","https://openalex.org/W2891133681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Heavy":[0],"rain":[1,23,58,76,128],"deteriorates":[2],"the":[3,90,122],"video":[4,14],"quality":[5],"of":[6,75,124],"outdoor":[7],"imaging":[8],"equipments.":[9],"In":[10,25,37,55],"order":[11],"to":[12,63,72],"improve":[13],"clearness,":[15],"image-based":[16,28,44],"and":[17,34,82],"sensor-based":[18],"methods":[19,30],"are":[20,87],"adopted":[21],"for":[22,100],"detection.":[24,129],"earlier":[26],"literature,":[27],"detection":[29],"fall":[31],"into":[32],"spatio-based":[33],"temporal-based":[35],"categories.":[36],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"a":[42,52],"new":[43],"method":[45,97,113,126],"by":[46,109],"exploring":[47],"spatio-temporal":[48],"united":[49],"constraints":[50],"in":[51,89,114,127],"Bayesian":[53,115],"framework.":[54,92],"our":[56,125],"framework,":[57],"temporal":[59],"motion":[60],"is":[61,69,98,107],"assumed":[62],"be":[64],"Pathological":[65],"Motion":[66],"(PM),":[67],"which":[68],"more":[70],"suitable":[71],"time-varying":[73],"character":[74],"steaks.":[77],"Temporal":[78],"displaced":[79],"frame":[80],"discontinuity":[81],"spatial":[83],"Gaussian":[84,101],"mixture":[85],"model":[86],"utilized":[88],"whole":[91],"Iterated":[93],"expectation":[94],"maximization":[95],"solving":[96],"taken":[99],"parameters":[102],"estimation.":[103],"Pixels":[104],"state":[105],"estimation":[106],"finished":[108],"an":[110],"iterated":[111],"optimization":[112],"probability":[116],"formulation.":[117],"The":[118],"experimental":[119],"results":[120],"highlight":[121],"advantage":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}