{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165559465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16041985","title":"Intersection Information Based on Common Randomness","display_name":"Intersection Information Based on Common Randomness","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165559465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16041985","mag":"2165559465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16041985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16041985","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/4/1985/pdf?version=1424785380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/4/1985/pdf?version=1424785380","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071317441","display_name":"Virgil Griffith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virgil Griffith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070385137","display_name":"Edwin K. P. Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-4815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048397372","display_name":"Ryan G. James","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2149-9085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan James","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043648937","display_name":"Christopher J. Ellison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0393-2941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802999273","display_name":"Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbven85","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802999273"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Ellison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Complexity and Collective Computation, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Complexity and Collective Computation, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802999273","https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047565816","display_name":"James P. Crutchfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-5410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Crutchfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complexity Sciences Center and Physics Dept, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA","Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complexity Sciences Center and Physics Dept, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071317441"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":6.4318,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":92,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97390889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"1985","last_page":"2000"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.8160736560821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7663023471832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.674945592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.5429072976112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5411067008972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5202175974845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.48729169368743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monotonic-function","display_name":"Monotonic function","score":0.4757927656173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43412718176841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3565446734428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.22997283935546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16346490383148193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.8160736560821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7663023471832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.674945592880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.5429072976112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5411067008972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5202175974845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48729169368743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72169020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194404","display_name":"Monotonic function","level":2,"score":0.4757927656173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43412718176841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3565446734428406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.22997283935546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16346490383148193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16041985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16041985","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/4/1985/pdf?version=1424785380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1310.1538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1310.1538","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.1538","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:46066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140604-073534623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.741.8743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.741.8743","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1310.1538.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c074a02897264fb291de7bf0203930c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c074a02897264fb291de7bf0203930c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 16, Iss 4, Pp 1985-2000 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt2cx7z2sj","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cx7z2sj","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, vol 16, iss 4","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/16/4/1985/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e16041985","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 16; Issue 4; Pages: 1985-2000","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:qt2cx7z2sj","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2cx7z2sj","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Griffith, V; Chong, EKP; James, RG; Ellison, CJ; & Crutchfield, JP. (2014). Intersection information based on common randomness. Entropy, 16(4), 1985 - 2000. doi: 10.3390/e16041985. UC Davis: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/2cx7z2sj","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16041985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16041985","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/4/1985/pdf?version=1424785380","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2146881923","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-12-1-0234","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7452299184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306193","display_name":"John Templeton Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/035tnyy05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309627","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312777","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2165559465.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2165559465.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W285471286","https://openalex.org/W628096037","https://openalex.org/W1866114900","https://openalex.org/W1932088538","https://openalex.org/W1933178270","https://openalex.org/W1972057797","https://openalex.org/W2011346799","https://openalex.org/W2037667080","https://openalex.org/W2062752449","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2141432745","https://openalex.org/W2540895903","https://openalex.org/W3099550299","https://openalex.org/W4300972832","https://openalex.org/W6728647307"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034924094","https://openalex.org/W3094954546","https://openalex.org/W1488708774","https://openalex.org/W1982811510","https://openalex.org/W4391100477","https://openalex.org/W2402189625","https://openalex.org/W4327779705","https://openalex.org/W1513698804","https://openalex.org/W4310560702","https://openalex.org/W3043435145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"introduction":[1],"of":[2,10,21,37,46],"the":[3,70,77,81],"partial":[4],"information":[5,16,48,66],"decomposition":[6],"generated":[7],"a":[8,32,51],"flurry":[9],"proposals":[11],"for":[12,95],"defining":[13],"an":[14,64],"intersection":[15,47,65],"that":[17,75],"quantifies":[18],"how":[19],"much":[20],"\u201cthe":[22],"same":[23],"information\u201d":[24],"two":[25],"or":[26],"more":[27],"random":[28,34,73],"variables":[29],"specify":[30],"about":[31],"target":[33,83],"variable.":[35],"As":[36],"yet,":[38],"none":[39],"is":[40,76,88],"wholly":[41],"satisfactory.":[42],"A":[43],"palatable":[44],"measure":[45,67,87],"would":[49],"provide":[50],"principled":[52],"way":[53],"to":[54,79],"quantify":[55],"slippery":[56],"concepts,":[57],"such":[58],"as":[59],"synergy.":[60],"Here,":[61],"we":[62,92],"introduce":[63],"based":[68],"on":[69],"G\u00e1cs-K\u00f6rner":[71],"common":[72],"variable":[74],"first":[78],"satisfy":[80],"coveted":[82],"monotonicity":[84],"property.":[85],"Our":[86],"imperfect,":[89],"too,":[90],"and":[91],"suggest":[93],"directions":[94],"improvement.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}