{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103858478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16031586","title":"Optimal Forgery and Suppression of Ratings for Privacy Enhancement in Recommendation Systems","display_name":"Optimal Forgery and Suppression of Ratings for Privacy Enhancement in Recommendation Systems","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103858478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16031586","mag":"2103858478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16031586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16031586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/3/1586/pdf?version=1424785353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/3/1586/pdf?version=1424785353","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Javier Parra-Arnau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Parra-Arnau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematics Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Rebollo-Monedero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Rebollo-Monedero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematics Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jordi Forn\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-3292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Forn\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematics Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-3292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematics Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), C. Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":8.8757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9742619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"1586","last_page":"1631"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.3912999927997589,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.3912999927997589,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.3774000108242035,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.03229999914765358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.6082000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-protection","display_name":"Privacy protection","score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4059000015258789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.6082000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171752962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q255166","display_name":"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988416141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6031139","display_name":"Information loss","level":2,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509729295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246032","display_name":"Privacy software","level":3,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16031586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16031586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/3/1586/pdf?version=1424785353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1302.2501","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.2501","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.2501","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/22511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/22511","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/02daa3fa-48a1-47d4-ae30-b617766b989d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd770c616ee044afa56a86b73c1a633c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd770c616ee044afa56a86b73c1a633c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 16, Iss 3, Pp 1586-1631 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/16/3/1586/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e16031586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 16; Issue 3; Pages: 1586-1631","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e16031586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e16031586","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/16/3/1586/pdf?version=1424785353","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345998453","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2009 SGR 1362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","funder_display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321505","display_name":"Generalitat de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/01bg62x04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103858478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2103858478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161085161","https://openalex.org/W630943829","https://openalex.org/W1494403360","https://openalex.org/W1593132758","https://openalex.org/W1593196131","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W1672196638","https://openalex.org/W1869319442","https://openalex.org/W1887934433","https://openalex.org/W1978884755","https://openalex.org/W1999602050","https://openalex.org/W2006702540","https://openalex.org/W2012915612","https://openalex.org/W2022079499","https://openalex.org/W2032188887","https://openalex.org/W2065189722","https://openalex.org/W2067262123","https://openalex.org/W2070786785","https://openalex.org/W2074149673","https://openalex.org/W2088722149","https://openalex.org/W2100235918","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2108668142","https://openalex.org/W2112740959","https://openalex.org/W2122057044","https://openalex.org/W2124558600","https://openalex.org/W2135930857","https://openalex.org/W2136114025","https://openalex.org/W2147080696","https://openalex.org/W2156410527","https://openalex.org/W2164341199","https://openalex.org/W2171960770","https://openalex.org/W2189109560","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W4229893368","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6634486455","https://openalex.org/W6636370816","https://openalex.org/W6636888537","https://openalex.org/W6676127739","https://openalex.org/W6676497491","https://openalex.org/W6678969601","https://openalex.org/W6689312835","https://openalex.org/W7008654130","https://openalex.org/W7070671322"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recommendation":[0],"systems":[1,4,22],"are":[2],"information-filtering":[3],"that":[5,53,191],"tailor":[6],"information":[7],"to":[8,23,62,94,164,178,226],"users":[9,25,65,162],"on":[10,67,75],"the":[11,34,39,68,76,84,102,114,134,143,147,150,158,179,197,200,203,208],"basis":[12],"of":[13,20,41,78,86,104,113,130,136,160,181,186,199,202],"knowledge":[14],"about":[15],"their":[16],"preferences.":[17],"The":[18,127],"ability":[19],"these":[21,170],"profile":[24,64],"is":[26,38,133],"what":[27],"enables":[28],"such":[29,131],"intelligent":[30],"functionality,":[31],"but":[32],"at":[33,55,101],"same":[35],"time,":[36],"it":[37,98,119],"source":[40],"serious":[42],"privacy":[43,93,124,141,227],"concerns.":[44],"In":[45,117],"this":[46,89,137],"paper":[47],"we":[48,173],"investigate":[49],"a":[50,95,105,111,121,175,194,230],"privacy-enhancing":[51],"technology":[52],"aims":[54],"hindering":[56],"an":[57,188],"attacker":[58],"in":[59,107,229],"its":[60],"efforts":[61],"accurately":[63],"based":[66],"items":[69],"they":[70],"rate.":[71],"Our":[72],"approach":[73,223],"capitalizes":[74],"combination":[77],"two":[79],"perturbative":[80],"mechanisms\u2014the":[81],"forgery":[82,183,214],"and":[83,125,149,154,166,184,216],"suppression":[85,185,217],"ratings.":[87],"While":[88],"technique":[90],"enhances":[91],"user":[92],"certain":[96],"extent,":[97],"inevitably":[99],"comes":[100],"cost":[103],"loss":[106],"data":[108],"utility,":[109],"namely":[110],"degradation":[112],"recommendation\u2019s":[115],"accuracy.":[116],"short,":[118],"poses":[120],"trade-off":[122,132,210],"between":[123,146],"utility.":[126],"theoretical":[128],"analysis":[129],"object":[135],"work.":[138],"We":[139,206],"measure":[140],"as":[142,157,193],"Kullback-Leibler":[144],"divergence":[145],"user\u2019s":[148],"population\u2019s":[151],"item":[152],"distributions,":[153],"quantify":[155],"utility":[156],"proportion":[159],"ratings":[161],"consent":[163],"forge":[165],"eliminate.":[167],"Equipped":[168],"with":[169],"quantitative":[171],"measures,":[172],"find":[174],"closed-form":[176],"solution":[177],"problem":[180,190],"optimal":[182,209],"ratings,":[187],"optimization":[189],"includes,":[192],"particular":[195],"case,":[196],"maximization":[198],"entropy":[201],"perturbed":[204],"profile.":[205],"characterize":[207],"surface":[211],"among":[212],"privacy,":[213],"rate":[215],"rate,and":[218],"experimentally":[219],"evaluate":[220],"how":[221],"our":[222],"could":[224],"contribute":[225],"protection":[228],"real-world":[231],"recommendation":[232],"system.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
