{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027681778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15125277","title":"Performance Optimization of Generalized Irreversible Refrigerator Based on a New Ecological Criterion","display_name":"Performance Optimization of Generalized Irreversible Refrigerator Based on a New Ecological Criterion","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027681778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15125277","mag":"2027681778"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15125277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15125277","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/12/5277/pdf?version=1424785184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/12/5277/pdf?version=1424785184","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006271565","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4570-8566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039674193","display_name":"Liping Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9772-8329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liping Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384925","display_name":"Jun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4173-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aviation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006271565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.9986,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75996832,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"12","first_page":"5277","last_page":"5291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.8673888444900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionless-quantity","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","score":0.726673424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coefficient-of-performance","display_name":"Coefficient of performance","score":0.6713505983352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refrigerator-car","display_name":"Refrigerator car","score":0.5996838808059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy-efficiency","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","score":0.538444995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.43612876534461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4259584844112396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-design","display_name":"Optimal design","score":0.4191902279853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.4150136709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4022776782512665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38227319717407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.37380775809288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36406344175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3258659243583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.23981115221977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17868924140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-pump","display_name":"Heat pump","score":0.13475465774536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12086740136146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10292592644691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.07038703560829163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.8673888444900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24872484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126818","display_name":"Dimensionless quantity","level":2,"score":0.726673424243927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13119800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902090","display_name":"Coefficient of performance","level":4,"score":0.6713505983352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125557594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1796972","display_name":"Refrigerator car","level":2,"score":0.5996838808059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83119724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3070886","display_name":"Exergy efficiency","level":3,"score":0.538444995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43612876534461975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4259584844112396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.4191902279853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4150136709213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4022776782512665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38227319717407227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.37380775809288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36406344175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3258659243583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.23981115221977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17868924140930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131313","display_name":"Heat pump","level":3,"score":0.13475465774536133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12086740136146545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10292592644691467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07038703560829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15125277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15125277","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/12/5277/pdf?version=1424785184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e83f57e2d99490988d283f2e4e02470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e83f57e2d99490988d283f2e4e02470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 15, Iss 12, Pp 5277-5291 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15125277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15125277","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/12/5277/pdf?version=1424785184","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327472","display_name":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027681778.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027681778.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W586644502","https://openalex.org/W1968588748","https://openalex.org/W1971835708","https://openalex.org/W1975996398","https://openalex.org/W1976035459","https://openalex.org/W1980363905","https://openalex.org/W1988539108","https://openalex.org/W1989141884","https://openalex.org/W1989255297","https://openalex.org/W1990418737","https://openalex.org/W1990429386","https://openalex.org/W1991958313","https://openalex.org/W1996887401","https://openalex.org/W2002286077","https://openalex.org/W2006885638","https://openalex.org/W2013749129","https://openalex.org/W2022754779","https://openalex.org/W2023428604","https://openalex.org/W2025227625","https://openalex.org/W2042013227","https://openalex.org/W2045028402","https://openalex.org/W2049613453","https://openalex.org/W2050098066","https://openalex.org/W2050143157","https://openalex.org/W2051038155","https://openalex.org/W2058020634","https://openalex.org/W2068135533","https://openalex.org/W2080666864","https://openalex.org/W2084255008","https://openalex.org/W2085120841","https://openalex.org/W2085621433","https://openalex.org/W2086271359","https://openalex.org/W2086382459","https://openalex.org/W2087613109","https://openalex.org/W2093310756","https://openalex.org/W2120697454","https://openalex.org/W2786372830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350865580","https://openalex.org/W2727137681","https://openalex.org/W4282916743","https://openalex.org/W3136650063","https://openalex.org/W2042599314","https://openalex.org/W4295804319","https://openalex.org/W4238646663","https://openalex.org/W4387574708","https://openalex.org/W4288853792","https://openalex.org/W1989840902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"the":[1,4,23,45,49,54,73,86,95,109],"basis":[2],"of":[3,38,40,48,88,112],"exergy":[5,41,50,55],"analysis,":[6],"a":[7,14],"performance":[8,39,69],"optimization":[9],"is":[10,58],"carried":[11],"out":[12],"for":[13,107],"generalized":[15,96],"irreversible":[16],"refrigerator":[17],"model,":[18],"which":[19,71],"takes":[20],"into":[21],"account":[22],"heat":[24,26,89],"resistance,":[25],"leakage":[27,90],"and":[28,91,97],"internal":[29,92],"irreversibility":[30,93],"losses.":[31],"A":[32],"new":[33,101],"ecological":[34,74,102],"criterion,":[35],"named":[36],"coefficient":[37],"(COPE),":[42],"defined":[43],"as":[44,60],"dimensionless":[46],"ratio":[47],"output":[51],"rate":[52],"to":[53,84],"loss":[56],"rate,":[57],"proposed":[59],"an":[61],"objective":[62,75],"function":[63,76],"in":[64],"this":[65],"paper.":[66],"The":[67],"optimal":[68,98],"factors":[70],"maximize":[72],"have":[77],"been":[78],"discussed.":[79],"Numerical":[80],"examples":[81],"are":[82],"given":[83],"explain":[85],"influences":[87],"on":[94],"performances.":[99],"This":[100],"criterion":[103],"may":[104],"be":[105],"beneficial":[106],"determining":[108],"reasonable":[110],"design":[111],"refrigerators.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}