{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134700941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15062246","title":"Bootstrap Methods for the Empirical Study of Decision-Making and Information Flows in Social Systems","display_name":"Bootstrap Methods for the Empirical Study of Decision-Making and Information Flows in Social Systems","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134700941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15062246","mag":"2134700941"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15062246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15062246","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/6/2246/pdf?version=1424785022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/6/2246/pdf?version=1424785022","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009637990","display_name":"Simon DeDeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5346-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon DeDeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041689299","display_name":"Robert D. Hawkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive Science Program, 819 Eigenmann, 1900 E. 10th St., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47406, USA","Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive Science Program, 819 Eigenmann, 1900 E. 10th St., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47406, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038687916","display_name":"Sara Klingenstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308548392","display_name":"Santa Fe Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01arysc35","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Klingenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024195598","display_name":"Tim Hitchcock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Hitchcock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009637990"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308548392"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":2.9761,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91478219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"2246","last_page":"2276"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9713000059127808,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6233974695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5516857504844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4908772110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.4632028341293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.43426352739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.4273453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3511613607406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32035019993782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2353849709033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19799736142158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12094584107398987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6233974695205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5516857504844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4908772110939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.4632028341293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.43426352739334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.4273453950881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3511613607406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32035019993782043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2353849709033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19799736142158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12094584107398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15062246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15062246","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/6/2246/pdf?version=1424785022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1302.0907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.0907","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0907","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.742.7356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.742.7356","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1302.0907.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ef00482a37de462499413c393136ccbb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ef00482a37de462499413c393136ccbb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 15, Iss 6, Pp 2246-2276 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23400584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Bootstrap_methods_for_the_empirical_study_of_decision-making_and_information_flows_in_social_systems/23400584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/15/6/2246/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e15062246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 15; Issue 6; Pages: 2246-2276","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sro.sussex.ac.uk:47376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47376/1/entropy-15-02246.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400129","display_name":"Sussex Research Online (University of Sussex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162608824","host_organization_name":"University of Sussex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162608824"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15062246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15062246","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/6/2246/pdf?version=1424785022","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626295770","https://openalex.org/W1486084564","https://openalex.org/W1509562192","https://openalex.org/W1524298768","https://openalex.org/W1570212550","https://openalex.org/W1760863262","https://openalex.org/W1992536060","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2006087861","https://openalex.org/W2040172398","https://openalex.org/W2041782669","https://openalex.org/W2044660636","https://openalex.org/W2056679783","https://openalex.org/W2070629772","https://openalex.org/W2071466306","https://openalex.org/W2074376560","https://openalex.org/W2097173970","https://openalex.org/W2097636360","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2105464873","https://openalex.org/W2109584604","https://openalex.org/W2114771311","https://openalex.org/W2118090104","https://openalex.org/W2120497903","https://openalex.org/W2129000925","https://openalex.org/W2131694234","https://openalex.org/W2138892454","https://openalex.org/W2141312445","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2736230390","https://openalex.org/W2950213143","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3097982494","https://openalex.org/W3101760244","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298201210","https://openalex.org/W4299551239","https://openalex.org/W6660364524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W2059697060","https://openalex.org/W4382701072","https://openalex.org/W4256502920","https://openalex.org/W2491314273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,67,93],"characterize":[1],"the":[2,6,20,33,51,59,62,78,85,104,108,114,118],"statistical":[3],"bootstrap":[4],"for":[5,64,73],"estimation":[7],"of":[8,22,37,47,61,77,81,88,107,117],"informationtheoretic":[9],"quantities":[10,49,71],"from":[11],"data,":[12],"with":[13],"particular":[14],"reference":[15,98],"to":[16,30,58,99],"its":[17],"use":[18,46],"in":[19,50,90],"study":[21,76],"large-scale":[23],"social":[24],"phenomena.":[25],"Our":[26],"methods":[27],"allow":[28,72],"one":[29],"preserve,":[31],"approximately,":[32],"underlying":[34],"axiomatic":[35],"relationships":[36],"information":[38,89],"theory\u2014in":[39],"particular,":[40],"consistency":[41],"under":[42],"arbitrary":[43],"coarse-graining\u2014that":[44],"motivate":[45],"these":[48],"first":[52],"place,":[53],"while":[54],"providing":[55],"reliability":[56],"comparable":[57],"state":[60],"art":[63],"Bayesian":[65],"estimators.":[66],"show":[68],"how":[69],"information-theoretic":[70],"rigorous":[74],"empirical":[75],"decision-making":[79],"capacities":[80],"rational":[82],"agents,":[83],"and":[84,113],"time-asymmetric":[86],"flows":[87],"distributed":[91],"systems.":[92],"provide":[94],"illustrative":[95],"examples":[96],"by":[97],"ongoing":[100],"collaborative":[101],"work":[102],"on":[103],"semantic":[105],"structure":[106],"British":[109],"Criminal":[110],"Court":[111],"system":[112],"conflict":[115],"dynamics":[116],"contemporary":[119],"Afghanistan":[120],"insurgency.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}