{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968566341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15041171","title":"Evaluation of a Low-Carbon City: Method and Application","display_name":"Evaluation of a Low-Carbon City: Method and Application","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968566341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15041171","mag":"1968566341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15041171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15041171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1171/pdf?version=1424785010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1171/pdf?version=1424785010","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065332586","display_name":"Meirong Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6161-6501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Meirong Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072726451","display_name":"LI Rong-hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91125648","display_name":"Wuhan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04jcykh16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91125648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016961360","display_name":"Weiwei L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-686X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418498","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-6115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427350","display_name":"Bin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5488-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111566439","display_name":"Zhifeng Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128533","display_name":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control","ror":"https://ror.org/03ckpzr37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhifeng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment/ No. 19, Xinjiekouwai St., Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065332586"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210128533"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":2.9349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89358878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"1171","last_page":"1185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13882","display_name":"Research studies in Vietnam","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13882","display_name":"Research studies in Vietnam","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13909","display_name":"Environmental Quality and Pollution","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12227","display_name":"Environmental and Social Impact Assessments","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5510983467102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaluation-methods","display_name":"Evaluation methods","score":0.5485506653785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5165199637413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-fibers","display_name":"Carbon fibers","score":0.5148488879203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5014383792877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.4395889937877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14464926719665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14432045817375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13564836978912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.12658318877220154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5510983467102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018395757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379672","display_name":"Evaluation methods","level":2,"score":0.5485506653785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5165199637413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.5148488879203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5014383792877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4395889937877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14464926719665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14432045817375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13564836978912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.12658318877220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15041171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15041171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1171/pdf?version=1424785010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.301.4194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.301.4194","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1171/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e2b5f6e06967410082189dd3065d9b6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2b5f6e06967410082189dd3065d9b6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp 1171-1185 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/15/4/1171/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e15041171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 15; Issue 4; Pages: 1171-1185","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e15041171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e15041171","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/15/4/1171/pdf?version=1424785010","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1193298573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1567784139","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-09-0226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4320098324","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u6001\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7\u8bc4\u4ef7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"40901269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7656026531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-09-0226","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1968566341.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1968566341.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208849816","https://openalex.org/W1967436042","https://openalex.org/W1984377875","https://openalex.org/W1992358870","https://openalex.org/W2001255913","https://openalex.org/W2002432894","https://openalex.org/W2009919670","https://openalex.org/W2020269868","https://openalex.org/W2032326733","https://openalex.org/W2037364102","https://openalex.org/W2051594008","https://openalex.org/W2057835416","https://openalex.org/W2066488312","https://openalex.org/W2066973722","https://openalex.org/W2078200151","https://openalex.org/W2083335920","https://openalex.org/W2085456916","https://openalex.org/W2089383433","https://openalex.org/W2132816492","https://openalex.org/W2137210547","https://openalex.org/W2155779181","https://openalex.org/W2186539165","https://openalex.org/W3124090651","https://openalex.org/W3145545510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243145179","https://openalex.org/W4255875982","https://openalex.org/W4244853958","https://openalex.org/W2029404707","https://openalex.org/W4285325679","https://openalex.org/W4247719608","https://openalex.org/W4237439661","https://openalex.org/W1928239295","https://openalex.org/W4242981732","https://openalex.org/W4232927149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"cities":[1,109,168],"around":[2],"the":[3,7,79,96,164],"World":[4],"have":[5],"established":[6],"development":[8,32,72,85,104,125,152],"objective":[9],"of":[10,16,29,74,82,106,119,122,130,149,166],"becoming":[11],"a":[12,18,45,53,170],"low-carbon":[13,31,71,84,103,124,151],"city.":[14],"Evaluation":[15],"such":[17],"city":[19],"is":[20,34,60],"important":[21,146],"for":[22,62,147],"its":[23],"progress.":[24],"A":[25],"new":[26],"evaluation":[27,42,64,141,148,165],"framework":[28,98,156],"urban":[30,70,83,123,150],"level":[33,86,126],"proposed":[35,97,155],"in":[36,163],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"which":[39,78],"integrates":[40],"synthetic":[41,63,140],"based":[43,51,116],"on":[44,52,95,117],"bottom-up":[46],"idea":[47],"and":[48,65,90,99,127,133,142,157],"analytical":[49,66,143],"diagnosis":[50,67,144],"top-down":[54],"idea.":[55],"Further,":[56],"set":[57,100],"pair":[58,101],"analysis":[59],"combined":[61],"by":[68],"comparing":[69],"levels":[73,105],"different":[75,167],"cities,":[76],"through":[77],"comprehensive":[80],"state":[81],"can":[87,159],"be":[88,160],"obtained":[89],"limiting":[91],"factors":[92,132],"identified.":[93],"Based":[94],"analysis,":[102],"12":[107],"Chinese":[108],"are":[110,114,145],"compared.":[111],"Some":[112],"suggestions":[113],"provided,":[115],"results":[118],"overall":[120],"situations":[121],"concrete":[128],"performances":[129],"various":[131],"specific":[134],"indicators.":[135],"We":[136],"conclude":[137],"that":[138],"both":[139],"level.":[153],"The":[154],"method":[158],"widely":[161],"applied":[162],"over":[169],"long-term":[171],"period.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
