{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164947466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14112227","title":"Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure","display_name":"Empirical Data Confirm Autism Symptoms Related to Aluminum and Acetaminophen Exposure","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164947466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14112227","mag":"2164947466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14112227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14112227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/11/2227/pdf?version=1424784905","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/11/2227/pdf?version=1424784905","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068777363","display_name":"Stephanie Seneff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Seneff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103449440","display_name":"Robert M. Davidson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Davidson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine Group Practice, PhyNet, Inc., Longview, TX 75604, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine Group Practice, PhyNet, Inc., Longview, TX 75604, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442576","display_name":"Jingjing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-7015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068777363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":8.0783,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97398087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"2227","last_page":"2253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12211","display_name":"Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12211","display_name":"Aluminum toxicity and tolerance in plants and animals","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10915","display_name":"Trace Elements in Health","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.8406345844268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-effect","display_name":"Adverse effect","score":0.5614486932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5581122636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetaminophen","display_name":"Acetaminophen","score":0.4810945689678192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","score":0.4330947697162628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvant","display_name":"Adjuvant","score":0.42195743322372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatrics","display_name":"Pediatrics","score":0.32307615876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.3217240571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.28474944829940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.279663622379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology","display_name":"Pharmacology","score":0.20552173256874084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.8406345844268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.5614486932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5581122636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778722691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57055","display_name":"Acetaminophen","level":2,"score":0.4810945689678192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.4330947697162628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777863537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896","display_name":"Adjuvant","level":2,"score":0.42195743322372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.32307615876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3217240571975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.28474944829940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.279663622379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.20552173256874084}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14112227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14112227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/11/2227/pdf?version=1424784905","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ca18a2cd50194be3aff765937aab2aea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ca18a2cd50194be3aff765937aab2aea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 2227-2253 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/77575","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MDPI Publishing","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/14/11/2227/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e14112227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 14; Issue 11; Pages: 2227-2253","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14112227","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14112227","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/11/2227/pdf?version=1424784905","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164947466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2164947466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":128,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38791576","https://openalex.org/W180065430","https://openalex.org/W209086124","https://openalex.org/W596839755","https://openalex.org/W1504792186","https://openalex.org/W1526939853","https://openalex.org/W1528564805","https://openalex.org/W1580136919","https://openalex.org/W1865864547","https://openalex.org/W1963988525","https://openalex.org/W1964515734","https://openalex.org/W1965501015","https://openalex.org/W1965589730","https://openalex.org/W1968273993","https://openalex.org/W1970791442","https://openalex.org/W1975300031","https://openalex.org/W1975814340","https://openalex.org/W1981053555","https://openalex.org/W1981513791","https://openalex.org/W1982576618","https://openalex.org/W1982584872","https://openalex.org/W1994586610","https://openalex.org/W1994733237","https://openalex.org/W1995856625","https://openalex.org/W1998108310","https://openalex.org/W2002607730","https://openalex.org/W2003093916","https://openalex.org/W2006026122","https://openalex.org/W2009010894","https://openalex.org/W2010301460","https://openalex.org/W2010424836","https://openalex.org/W2012724955","https://openalex.org/W2014601837","https://openalex.org/W2020968096","https://openalex.org/W2025492120","https://openalex.org/W2026125217","https://openalex.org/W2027294917","https://openalex.org/W2031054659","https://openalex.org/W2033120397","https://openalex.org/W2035163760","https://openalex.org/W2037568024","https://openalex.org/W2042038154","https://openalex.org/W2044227123","https://openalex.org/W2049297996","https://openalex.org/W2051361096","https://openalex.org/W2057120188","https://openalex.org/W2057732280","https://openalex.org/W2060897624","https://openalex.org/W2062730529","https://openalex.org/W2068176013","https://openalex.org/W2072366824","https://openalex.org/W2073221620","https://openalex.org/W2073545687","https://openalex.org/W2075415042","https://openalex.org/W2076230242","https://openalex.org/W2076358850","https://openalex.org/W2077804155","https://openalex.org/W2078985912","https://openalex.org/W2081816257","https://openalex.org/W2088038393","https://openalex.org/W2088978654","https://openalex.org/W2092971063","https://openalex.org/W2094504300","https://openalex.org/W2096625287","https://openalex.org/W2098498848","https://openalex.org/W2101642573","https://openalex.org/W2104908022","https://openalex.org/W2107215997","https://openalex.org/W2108528265","https://openalex.org/W2109007643","https://openalex.org/W2109057963","https://openalex.org/W2115244017","https://openalex.org/W2115844381","https://openalex.org/W2116780029","https://openalex.org/W2118808350","https://openalex.org/W2119734769","https://openalex.org/W2119961921","https://openalex.org/W2120879196","https://openalex.org/W2121429849","https://openalex.org/W2122923931","https://openalex.org/W2123168228","https://openalex.org/W2124952221","https://openalex.org/W2126246455","https://openalex.org/W2128269295","https://openalex.org/W2129852804","https://openalex.org/W2132630806","https://openalex.org/W2134269151","https://openalex.org/W2135807836","https://openalex.org/W2143476855","https://openalex.org/W2143668950","https://openalex.org/W2144357175","https://openalex.org/W2145414381","https://openalex.org/W2145426305","https://openalex.org/W2146465978","https://openalex.org/W2148719813","https://openalex.org/W2150186622","https://openalex.org/W2150436558","https://openalex.org/W2153219519","https://openalex.org/W2156094935","https://openalex.org/W2156763584","https://openalex.org/W2157835782","https://openalex.org/W2159793386","https://openalex.org/W2159897907","https://openalex.org/W2161463970","https://openalex.org/W2163670024","https://openalex.org/W2163722994","https://openalex.org/W2167538265","https://openalex.org/W2167914348","https://openalex.org/W2169167573","https://openalex.org/W2170355135","https://openalex.org/W2170415938","https://openalex.org/W2170599555","https://openalex.org/W2171701618","https://openalex.org/W2205884664","https://openalex.org/W2288888776","https://openalex.org/W2291928379","https://openalex.org/W2482045784","https://openalex.org/W2883388650","https://openalex.org/W3150857863","https://openalex.org/W4210988559","https://openalex.org/W4231001631","https://openalex.org/W4253365555","https://openalex.org/W4299827400","https://openalex.org/W4322695776","https://openalex.org/W6642718829","https://openalex.org/W6675781066","https://openalex.org/W6677145740","https://openalex.org/W6683514049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280602684","https://openalex.org/W2379672754","https://openalex.org/W4310092953","https://openalex.org/W2227393071","https://openalex.org/W2994882771","https://openalex.org/W2166141227","https://openalex.org/W1995350144","https://openalex.org/W4366602711","https://openalex.org/W620566831","https://openalex.org/W2945184670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autism":[0],"is":[1,18,183],"a":[2,31,56,93],"condition":[3],"characterized":[4],"by":[5],"impaired":[6],"cognitive":[7],"and":[8,23,60,117,135,162,169,176],"social":[9],"skills,":[10],"associated":[11,141],"with":[12,142,149],"compromised":[13],"immune":[14],"function.":[15],"The":[16],"incidence":[17],"alarmingly":[19],"on":[20],"the":[21,40,61,86,89,150,177],"rise,":[22],"environmental":[24],"factors":[25],"are":[26,120,138,153],"increasingly":[27],"suspected":[28],"to":[29,156,165,195,198],"play":[30],"role.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"investigates":[35],"word":[36],"frequency":[37],"patterns":[38],"in":[39,63,72,81,124],"U.S.":[41],"CDC":[42],"Vaccine":[43],"Adverse":[44],"Events":[45],"Reporting":[46],"System":[47],"(VAERS)":[48],"database.":[49],"Our":[50],"results":[51],"provide":[52],"strong":[53,172],"evidence":[54],"supporting":[55],"link":[57],"between":[58,174],"autism":[59,80,151,175],"aluminum":[62,71,102,161],"vaccines.":[64,144],"A":[65,171],"literature":[66],"review":[67],"showing":[68],"toxicity":[69],"of":[70,79,88],"human":[73],"physiology":[74],"offers":[75],"further":[76],"support.":[77],"Mentions":[78],"VAERS":[82],"increased":[83,193],"steadily":[84],"at":[85],"end":[87],"last":[90],"century,":[91],"during":[92],"period":[94],"when":[95],"mercury":[96,163],"was":[97,105],"being":[98,106],"phased":[99],"out,":[100],"while":[101],"adjuvant":[103],"burden":[104],"increased.":[107],"Using":[108],"standard":[109],"log-likelihood":[110],"ratio":[111],"techniques,":[112],"we":[113],"identify":[114],"several":[115],"signs":[116],"symptoms":[118],"that":[119,147],"significantly":[121,140],"more":[122],"prevalent":[123],"vaccine":[125,182],"reports":[126],"after":[127],"2000,":[128],"including":[129],"cellulitis,":[130],"seizure,":[131],"depression,":[132],"fatigue,":[133],"pain":[134],"death,":[136],"which":[137,186],"also":[139,184],"aluminum-containing":[143],"We":[145],"propose":[146],"children":[148],"diagnosis":[152],"especially":[154],"vulnerable":[155],"toxic":[157],"metals":[158],"such":[159],"as":[160],"due":[164],"insufficient":[166],"serum":[167],"sulfate":[168],"glutathione.":[170],"correlation":[173],"MMR":[178],"(Measles,":[179],"Mumps,":[180],"Rubella)":[181],"observed,":[185],"may":[187],"be":[188],"partially":[189],"explained":[190],"via":[191],"an":[192],"sensitivity":[194],"acetaminophen":[196],"administered":[197],"control":[199],"fever.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}