{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996028756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14101894","title":"Utilizing the Exergy Concept to Address Environmental Challenges of Electric Systems","display_name":"Utilizing the Exergy Concept to Address Environmental Challenges of Electric Systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996028756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14101894","mag":"1996028756"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14101894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14101894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/10/1894/pdf?version=1424784885","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/10/1894/pdf?version=1424784885","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058813588","display_name":"Cornelia Aida Bulucea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28109999","display_name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/031d5vw30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cornelia A. Bulucea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cornelia A. Bulucea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28109999","display_name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/031d5vw30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["CA","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cornelia A. Bulucea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania","Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002665877","display_name":"Marc A. Rosen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-0094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39470171","display_name":"Ontario Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/016zre027","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["CA","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc A. Rosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-0094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39470171"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023859165","display_name":"Doru A. Nicola","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152516533","display_name":"Hellenic Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02y84bs66","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152516533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["GR","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doru A. Nicola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","Military Institutes of University Education, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, 18539, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institutes of University Education, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, 18539, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152516533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036029555","display_name":"Nikos E. Mastorakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152516533","display_name":"Hellenic Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02y84bs66","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152516533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28109999","display_name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/031d5vw30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]}],"countries":["GR","RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikos E. Mastorakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Institutes of University Education, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, 18539, Greece","University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Institutes of University Education, Hellenic Naval Academy, Piraeus, 18539, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152516533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015789611","display_name":"Carmen A. Bulucea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28109999","display_name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/031d5vw30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen A. Bulucea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015789611","display_name":"Carmen A. Bulucea","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28109999","display_name":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/031d5vw30","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97553796","display_name":"University of Craiova","ror":"https://ror.org/03s251g81","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carmen A. Bulucea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Craiova, Decebal Street 107, Craiova, 200440, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97553796"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, 200349, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28109999"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015789611","https://openalex.org/A5058813588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28109999","https://openalex.org/I97553796"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07210507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"1894","last_page":"1914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exergy","display_name":"Exergy","score":0.855676531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4664105176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.41338464617729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.34493565559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3247576355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22006946802139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.14275524020195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11036443710327148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113146524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663290","display_name":"Exergy","level":2,"score":0.855676531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4664105176925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.41338464617729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34493565559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3247576355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22006946802139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.14275524020195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11036443710327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14101894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14101894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/10/1894/pdf?version=1424784885","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.304.4542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.304.4542","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/10/1894/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dfa2e9384cb546c098c52637396a37d6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dfa2e9384cb546c098c52637396a37d6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 14, Iss 10, Pp 1894-1914 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14101894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14101894","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/10/1894/pdf?version=1424784885","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996028756.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1996028756.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32129085","https://openalex.org/W50705050","https://openalex.org/W169978645","https://openalex.org/W426660726","https://openalex.org/W560320566","https://openalex.org/W627462928","https://openalex.org/W1505481656","https://openalex.org/W1588693647","https://openalex.org/W1941186159","https://openalex.org/W1944852176","https://openalex.org/W1963865146","https://openalex.org/W1964192291","https://openalex.org/W1967472355","https://openalex.org/W1970449742","https://openalex.org/W1973643824","https://openalex.org/W1975351875","https://openalex.org/W1978680965","https://openalex.org/W1983265318","https://openalex.org/W2015508451","https://openalex.org/W2035811725","https://openalex.org/W2039054584","https://openalex.org/W2073462547","https://openalex.org/W2079406251","https://openalex.org/W2090719786","https://openalex.org/W2091384889","https://openalex.org/W2098791794","https://openalex.org/W2103680036","https://openalex.org/W2108020464","https://openalex.org/W2108911192","https://openalex.org/W2115840877","https://openalex.org/W2139307319","https://openalex.org/W2152654230","https://openalex.org/W2475854981","https://openalex.org/W2614592838","https://openalex.org/W2916520906","https://openalex.org/W4230580340","https://openalex.org/W6630280251","https://openalex.org/W6646135151","https://openalex.org/W6680572053","https://openalex.org/W6837524687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3135015020","https://openalex.org/W3169651126","https://openalex.org/W2378022195","https://openalex.org/W180310609","https://openalex.org/W4249857654","https://openalex.org/W83781588","https://openalex.org/W1559995932","https://openalex.org/W3154351947","https://openalex.org/W1990248478"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Theoretically,":[0],"the":[1,13,39,65,68,82,124,143,147,151,154,162,173,187,193,206,228,248,261,283],"concepts":[2,23,73],"of":[3,15,30,41,63,67,127,142,153,156,175,211,218,230,250,282,285],"energy,":[4,80],"entropy,":[5],"exergy":[6,72,112,237],"and":[7,17,32,44,50,71,93,113,121,134,146,161,192,216,246,253,270,273,276,291],"embodied":[8,69],"energy":[9,48,51,70,100],"are":[10,137],"founded":[11],"in":[12,27,38,46,61,171,178,244,268,274],"fields":[14,29,223],"thermodynamics":[16],"physics.":[18],"Yet,":[19],"over":[20],"decades":[21],"these":[22],"have":[24],"been":[25],"applied":[26],"numerous":[28],"science":[31,160],"engineering,":[33,272],"playing":[34],"a":[35,88,140,168,239],"key":[36],"role":[37,241],"analysis":[40],"processes,":[42],"systems":[43,182],"devices":[45,77,177],"which":[47,78],"transfers":[49],"transformations":[52],"occur.":[53],"The":[54,96,118],"research":[55,165],"reported":[56],"here":[57],"aims":[58,258],"to":[59,104,115,185,242,259],"demonstrate,":[60],"terms":[62],"sustainability,":[64],"usefulness":[66],"for":[74,263,279],"analyzing":[75],"electric":[76,144,176,194,231,269],"convert":[79],"particularly":[81],"electromagnet.":[83],"This":[84,164,255],"study":[85,207],"relies":[86],"on":[87,289],"dualist":[89],"view,":[90],"incorporating":[91],"technical":[92,135],"environmental":[94,133,199,271,286],"dimensions.":[95],"information":[97],"provided":[98,110],"by":[99,111,227,266],"assessments":[101],"is":[102,234],"shown":[103],"be":[105,116,184],"less":[106],"useful":[107,169],"than":[108],"that":[109,167,236],"prone":[114],"misleading.":[117],"electromagnet":[119],"force":[120,126],"torque":[122],"(representing":[123],"driving":[125],"output":[128],"exergy),":[129],"accepted":[130],"as":[131,139,198],"both":[132],"quantities,":[136],"expressed":[138],"function":[141],"current":[145,195],"magnetic":[148,188],"field,":[149],"supporting":[150],"view":[152,186],"necessity":[155],"discerning":[157],"interrelations":[158],"between":[159],"environment.":[163],"suggests":[166],"step":[170],"assessing":[172],"viability":[174],"concert":[179],"with":[180,203],"ecological":[181],"might":[183],"flux":[189],"density":[190],"B":[191],"intensity":[196],"I":[197],"parameters.":[200],"In":[201],"line":[202],"this":[204],"idea":[205],"encompasses":[208],"an":[209],"overview":[210],"potential":[212],"human":[213],"health":[214,277],"risks":[215],"effects":[217],"extremely":[219],"low":[220],"frequency":[221],"electromagnetic":[222],"(ELF":[224],"EMFs)":[225],"caused":[226],"operation":[229],"systems.":[232,254],"It":[233],"concluded":[235],"has":[238],"significant":[240],"play":[243],"evaluating":[245],"increasing":[247],"efficiencies":[249],"electrical":[251],"technologies":[252],"article":[256],"also":[257],"demonstrate":[260],"need":[262],"joint":[264],"efforts":[265],"researchers":[267],"medicine":[275],"fields,":[278],"enhancing":[280],"knowledge":[281],"impacts":[284],"ELF":[287],"EMFs":[288],"humans":[290],"other":[292],"life":[293],"forms.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}