{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1975764436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14030491","title":"The Optimal Evaporation Temperature of Subcritical ORC Based on Second Law Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery","display_name":"The Optimal Evaporation Temperature of Subcritical ORC Based on Second Law Efficiency for Waste Heat Recovery","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1975764436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14030491","mag":"1975764436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14030491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14030491","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/3/491/pdf?version=1424784845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/3/491/pdf?version=1424784845","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052155342","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-3776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062307142","display_name":"Chao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-6858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824514","display_name":"Hong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5561-1341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790850","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems of Ministry of Education, College of Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075921871","display_name":"Jinliang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-9983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinliang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renewable Energy School, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052155342"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":6.3426,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96000992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"491","last_page":"504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10568","display_name":"Thermodynamic and Exergetic Analyses of Power and Cooling Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10402","display_name":"Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-rankine-cycle","display_name":"Organic Rankine cycle","score":0.8486536741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporator","display_name":"Evaporator","score":0.8027392625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-fluid","display_name":"Working fluid","score":0.6184679269790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation","display_name":"Evaporation","score":0.6060155630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-heat","display_name":"Waste heat","score":0.5674249529838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.5624213218688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pinch-point","display_name":"Pinch point","score":0.5075106024742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4536861181259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12249121069908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-exchanger","display_name":"Heat exchanger","score":0.07126131653785706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101519877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616013","display_name":"Organic Rankine cycle","level":4,"score":0.8486536741256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91311341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1764892","display_name":"Evaporator","level":3,"score":0.8027392625808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779301550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217236","display_name":"Working fluid","level":2,"score":0.6184679269790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.6060155630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184235594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288706","display_name":"Waste heat","level":3,"score":0.5674249529838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.5624213218688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105216333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7194894","display_name":"Pinch point","level":3,"score":0.5075106024742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4536861181259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12249121069908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.07126131653785706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14030491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14030491","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/3/491/pdf?version=1424784845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.368.6265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.368.6265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/3/491/pdf?y=1","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3fd343e7d75549598ad37b32fe616989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3fd343e7d75549598ad37b32fe616989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 14, Iss 3, Pp 491-504 (2012)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1099-4300/14/3/491/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e14030491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy; Volume 14; Issue 3; Pages: 491-504","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e14030491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e14030491","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/14/3/491/pdf?version=1424784845","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G464918141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011CB710701","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7129907147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(973 Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336024","display_name":"Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975764436.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1975764436.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965310624","https://openalex.org/W1972722792","https://openalex.org/W1988091536","https://openalex.org/W1995172360","https://openalex.org/W2010058383","https://openalex.org/W2013629132","https://openalex.org/W2014130533","https://openalex.org/W2042296432","https://openalex.org/W2043213371","https://openalex.org/W2044563510","https://openalex.org/W2045061520","https://openalex.org/W2060395429","https://openalex.org/W2064028069","https://openalex.org/W2073181896","https://openalex.org/W2079661244","https://openalex.org/W2080434803","https://openalex.org/W2090163436","https://openalex.org/W2095593761","https://openalex.org/W2099514542","https://openalex.org/W2154522973","https://openalex.org/W4241066779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2339243942","https://openalex.org/W1990686797","https://openalex.org/W2952970535","https://openalex.org/W2949952871","https://openalex.org/W2884442130","https://openalex.org/W2043899862","https://openalex.org/W2390447612","https://openalex.org/W2284872734","https://openalex.org/W2081010678","https://openalex.org/W2063778507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,54,79,145],"subcritical":[1],"Organic":[2],"Rankine":[3],"Cycle":[4],"(ORC)":[5],"with":[6,152],"28":[7],"working":[8,32,97],"fluids":[9,33,98],"for":[10,87],"waste":[11,26,103,142],"heat":[12,104,143],"recovery":[13],"is":[14,61,71,137],"discussed":[15],"in":[16,39,119,134,159],"this":[17],"paper.":[18],"effects":[20],"of":[21,24,31,48,58,96,116,155],"the":[22,25,28,35,40,43,49,59,64,68,75,83,88,93,102,112,120,123,127,130,135,140,153,160],"temperature":[23,30,37,46,70,89,114,132,157],"heat,":[27],"critical":[29,94],"and":[34,67],"pinch":[36,113,131,156],"difference":[38,115,133,158],"evaporator":[41,136],"on":[42],"optimal":[44],"evaporation":[45,69],"(OET)":[47],"ORC":[50,124],"have":[51],"been":[52],"investigated.":[53],"second":[55,147],"law":[56,148],"efficiency":[57,149],"system":[60],"regarded":[62],"as":[63],"objective":[65],"function":[66],"optimized":[72],"by":[73,106],"using":[74],"quadratic":[76],"approximations":[77],"method.":[78],"results":[80],"show":[81],"that":[82],"OET":[84,128],"will":[85,150],"appear":[86],"ranges":[90],"investigated":[91],"when":[92,129],"temperatures":[95,105],"are":[99],"lower":[100],"than":[101],"18":[107],"\u00b1":[108],"5":[109,117],"K":[110,118],"under":[111,139],"evaporator.":[121,161],"Additionally,":[122],"always":[125],"exhibits":[126],"raised":[138],"fixed":[141],"temperature.":[144],"maximum":[146],"decrease":[151],"increase":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
