{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1965701049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1030037","title":"Towards an Information Entropy Model of Job Approval Rating: The Clinton Presidency","display_name":"Towards an Information Entropy Model of Job Approval Rating: The Clinton Presidency","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1965701049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1030037","mag":"1965701049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e1030037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1030037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/3/37/pdf?version=1424784620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/3/37/pdf?version=1424784620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039492636","display_name":"Rajendra Kulkarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-9568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajendra G. Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112604747","display_name":"Roger R. Stough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5077-4675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger R. Stough","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Institute of Public Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103173097","display_name":"Kingsley E. Haynes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-0198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kingsley E. Haynes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geography and Public Affairs, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography and Public Affairs, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039492636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2165},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0694783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"37","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.7953000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.7953000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidency","display_name":"Presidency","score":0.8519670963287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polling","display_name":"Polling","score":0.7548047304153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.46988537907600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory","display_name":"Information theory","score":0.4459892213344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.43634289503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3884875178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.3849692940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.33784520626068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.302228182554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2955751121044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2764251232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.16439193487167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07716700434684753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781243023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3558349","display_name":"Presidency","level":3,"score":0.8519670963287354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204854418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362921","display_name":"Polling","level":2,"score":0.7548047304153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46988537907600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222","display_name":"Information theory","level":2,"score":0.4459892213344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.43634289503097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3884875178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3849692940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.33784520626068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.302228182554245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2955751121044159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2764251232147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.16439193487167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07716700434684753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e1030037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1030037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/3/37/pdf?version=1424784620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.81.6255","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.81.6255","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.org/entropy/papers/e1030037.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61f86e0eac4a4d009f81b7f3d75ff270","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61f86e0eac4a4d009f81b7f3d75ff270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 1, Iss 3, Pp 37-49 (1999)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e1030037","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1030037","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/3/37/pdf?version=1424784620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965701049.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1965701049.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998441668","https://openalex.org/W2041905826","https://openalex.org/W2043263513","https://openalex.org/W2046480151","https://openalex.org/W2155063211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061278088","https://openalex.org/W2163103544","https://openalex.org/W3039080452","https://openalex.org/W3033899355","https://openalex.org/W2055254734","https://openalex.org/W1997886855","https://openalex.org/W3025482071","https://openalex.org/W2921877942","https://openalex.org/W4254856950","https://openalex.org/W2889544313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"an":[3],"analytical":[4,64],"approach":[5,65],"to":[6,32,55],"explaining":[7],"a":[8],"nearly":[9,42],"constant":[10],"high":[11],"job":[12],"approval":[13],"rating":[14],"of":[15,73,86],"president":[16],"Clinton":[17,52],"between":[18],"January,":[19],"1998":[20],"and":[21,28],"February,":[22],"1999.":[23],"Despite":[24],"all":[25,43],"the":[26,39,61,69,80,83,94],"controversy":[27],"massive":[29],"information":[30,70],"exposure":[31],"mostly":[33],"unflattering":[34],"news":[35],"about":[36],"Mr.":[37,51],"Clinton;":[38],"public,":[40],"in":[41,60],"major":[44],"opinion":[45],"polls":[46],"expressed":[47],"their":[48],"wish":[49],"that":[50],"be":[53],"allowed":[54],"complete":[56],"his":[57],"second":[58],"term":[59],"office.":[62],"The":[63,75,89],"is":[66,77],"based":[67],"on":[68],"entropy":[71],"theory":[72],"Shannon.":[74],"model":[76],"tested":[78],"using":[79],"data":[81],"from":[82],"polling":[84],"archives":[85],"ABC/Washington":[87],"Post.":[88],"results":[90],"are":[91],"confirmed":[92],"by":[93],"Kendall's":[95],"\u03c4":[96],"statistics.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
