{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036913027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1010004","title":"On the Sign of Local Temperature in Molecules","display_name":"On the Sign of Local Temperature in Molecules","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036913027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1010004","mag":"2036913027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e1010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/1/4/pdf?version=1424784620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/1/4/pdf?version=1424784620","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074236040","display_name":"Istv\u00e1n Kolossv\u00e1ry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0424-4577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117619","display_name":"Novartis (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/028fhxy95","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283582996","https://openalex.org/I4210117619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161853","display_name":"Budapest Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/050hvq478","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161853"]}],"countries":["HU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Istv\u00e1n Kolossv\u00e1ry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Information Technology, Technical University of Budapest, Szt. Gell\u00e9rt t\u00e9r 4, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary","Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Information Technology, Technical University of Budapest, Szt. Gell\u00e9rt t\u00e9r 4, Budapest, H-1111, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, NJ 07901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074236040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117619","https://openalex.org/I4210161853"],"apc_list":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"apc_paid":{"value":2000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2227},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13513514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.6625578999519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absolute-zero","display_name":"Absolute zero","score":0.6015843749046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5728968381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.4701264798641205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-temperature","display_name":"Negative temperature","score":0.46459364891052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4521872103214264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule","display_name":"Molecule","score":0.43553924560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.375615656375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.35496658086776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.23922768235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2375241219997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1313878893852234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6625578999519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97278139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81182","display_name":"Absolute zero","level":2,"score":0.6015843749046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5728968381881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.4701264798641205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79259039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2381834","display_name":"Negative temperature","level":2,"score":0.46459364891052246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4521872103214264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.43553924560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.375615656375885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.35496658086776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.23922768235206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2375241219997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1313878893852234}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e1010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/1/4/pdf?version=1424784620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61586616187c4775bea9d91213e339fc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61586616187c4775bea9d91213e339fc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 1, Iss 1, Pp 4-8 (1999)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e1010004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e1010004","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/1/1/4/pdf?version=1424784620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321994","display_name":"Hungarian Scientific Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00v349e63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036913027.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2036913027.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003845158","https://openalex.org/W2060257669","https://openalex.org/W2067770791","https://openalex.org/W2076493510","https://openalex.org/W2080274135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4394754536","https://openalex.org/W2361862622","https://openalex.org/W4309206996","https://openalex.org/W1672532610","https://openalex.org/W1572901226","https://openalex.org/W3138676234","https://openalex.org/W3094766706","https://openalex.org/W4283172080","https://openalex.org/W1965095120","https://openalex.org/W2390247050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lin":[0],"proposed":[1,22,46],"earlier":[2],"based":[3],"on":[4],"qualitative":[5],"considerations":[6],"that":[7],"electronic":[8,24],"motion":[9,25],"was":[10],"associated":[11],"with":[12],"negative":[13,35],"absolute":[14,36],"temperature.":[15],"Here,":[16],"a":[17,39,50],"local":[18,40],"temperature":[19,37,47],"formula":[20,48],"is":[21,49],"for":[23],"in":[26,38,42],"atoms":[27],"and":[28,60],"molecules,":[29],"which":[30],"allows":[31],"the":[32],"existence":[33],"of":[34,52],"sense":[41],"thermodynamic":[43],"equilibrium.":[44],"The":[45],"function":[51],"total":[53],"energy":[54],"density":[55,58,62],"\u03b5(r),":[56],"entropy":[57],"s(r)":[59],"electron":[61],"\u03c1(r).":[63]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}