{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413310721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5030036","title":"Hybrid Framework: The Use of Metaheuristics When Creating Personalized Tourist Routes","display_name":"Hybrid Framework: The Use of Metaheuristics When Creating Personalized Tourist Routes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413310721","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5030036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/digital5030036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5030036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/5/3/36/pdf?version=1755603370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185390","display_name":"Digital","issn_l":"2673-6470","issn":["2673-6470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/5/3/36/pdf?version=1755603370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084701470","display_name":"Y. Benchekroun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youssef Benchekroun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences-ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 30050, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2341-3502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences-ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 30050, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041397451","display_name":"Hanae Senba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanae Senba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences-ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 30050, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5964-446X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences-ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 30050, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024707829","display_name":"Khalid Haddouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-6863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Haddouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences-ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 30050, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-6863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Systems and Applications Laboratory, National School of Applied Sciences-ENSA, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 30050, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026538116","display_name":"Karim El Moutaouakil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-5592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81605866","display_name":"Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University","ror":"https://ror.org/04efg9a07","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karim El Moutaouakil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Data Science Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 35000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-5592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Data Science Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez P.C. 35000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026538116"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81605866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2712064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"36","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9466000199317932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9348000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"Tourism","score":0.7419971227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.7153022289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4977259933948517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3355787694454193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2154621183872223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19433748722076416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.7419971227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.7153022289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4977259933948517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3355787694454193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2154621183872223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19433748722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/digital5030036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5030036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/5/3/36/pdf?version=1755603370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185390","display_name":"Digital","issn_l":"2673-6470","issn":["2673-6470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:10f4d3447b0748ddaa80ea8763d9c551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/10f4d3447b0748ddaa80ea8763d9c551","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Digital, Vol 5, Iss 3, p 36 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/digital5030036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital5030036","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/5/3/36/pdf?version=1755603370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185390","display_name":"Digital","issn_l":"2673-6470","issn":["2673-6470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413310721.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413310721.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W884889856","https://openalex.org/W2093672773","https://openalex.org/W2747342608","https://openalex.org/W3002164561","https://openalex.org/W3005629627","https://openalex.org/W3041187528","https://openalex.org/W3084447781","https://openalex.org/W3125609744","https://openalex.org/W3193114382","https://openalex.org/W3199967553","https://openalex.org/W3201239353","https://openalex.org/W3201547235","https://openalex.org/W4210659518","https://openalex.org/W4220705357","https://openalex.org/W4224237268","https://openalex.org/W4225571534","https://openalex.org/W4293658186","https://openalex.org/W4307747685","https://openalex.org/W4323663115","https://openalex.org/W4367358214","https://openalex.org/W4385251811","https://openalex.org/W4386520542","https://openalex.org/W4387386544","https://openalex.org/W4389432320","https://openalex.org/W4390113821","https://openalex.org/W4404543095","https://openalex.org/W4404782864","https://openalex.org/W4405347795","https://openalex.org/W4406627493","https://openalex.org/W4407482664","https://openalex.org/W6846625556","https://openalex.org/W6859139629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2789681586","https://openalex.org/W2794361564","https://openalex.org/W4243392960","https://openalex.org/W3156820950","https://openalex.org/W4232791346","https://openalex.org/W2971069100","https://openalex.org/W2504553392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimizing":[0],"tourist":[1],"routes":[2,134],"is":[3],"a":[4,42,81,150,163],"critical":[5],"challenge":[6],"in":[7,33,100,110,135],"smart":[8,154],"tourism,":[9],"which":[10],"aims":[11,39],"to":[12,27,40,89,117],"enhance":[13],"the":[14,54,70,91,101,124,143,147],"visitor":[15],"experience":[16],"while":[17],"optimizing":[18],"practical":[19,144],"parameters.":[20],"However,":[21],"traditional":[22],"routing":[23],"algorithms":[24],"often":[25],"fail":[26],"provide":[28],"personalized":[29,167],"and":[30,85,113,131,159,168],"efficient":[31,93,114],"itineraries":[32],"complex":[34],"real-world":[35],"environments.":[36],"This":[37],"study":[38],"develop":[41],"hybrid":[43,125],"framework":[44,97,148],"that":[45],"integrates":[46],"Simulated":[47,87],"Annealing":[48,88],"for":[49,57,153,166],"global":[50],"route":[51],"optimization":[52],"with":[53],"A":[55],"algorithm*":[56],"accurate":[58],"local":[59],"pathfinding,":[60],"leveraging":[61],"geographic":[62],"data":[63],"from":[64],"OpenStreetMap.":[65],"The":[66,96],"proposed":[67],"method":[68],"computes":[69],"shortest":[71],"paths":[72],"between":[73],"all":[74],"Points":[75],"of":[76,104,137,146],"Interest":[77],"using":[78],"A*,":[79],"constructing":[80],"comprehensive":[82],"distance":[83],"matrix,":[84],"applying":[86],"determine":[90],"most":[92],"visiting":[94],"sequence.":[95],"was":[98],"evaluated":[99],"Old":[102],"Medina":[103],"Fez,":[105],"Morocco,":[106],"demonstrating":[107],"its":[108],"effectiveness":[109],"generating":[111],"realistic":[112],"itineraries.":[115],"Compared":[116],"alternative":[118],"strategies":[119],"such":[120],"as":[121,149],"Genetic":[122],"Algorithms,":[123],"approach":[126],"achieves":[127],"superior":[128],"computational":[129],"efficiency":[130],"produces":[132],"better":[133],"terms":[136],"travel":[138],"distance.":[139],"These":[140],"findings":[141],"highlight":[142],"applicability":[145],"modular":[151],"service":[152],"tourism":[155,160],"applications,":[156],"offering":[157],"tourists":[158],"platform":[161],"developers":[162],"scalable":[164],"solution":[165],"sustainable":[169],"itinerary":[170],"planning.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
