{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388943808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3040019","title":"On the Effectiveness of Fog Offloading in a Mobility-Aware Healthcare Environment","display_name":"On the Effectiveness of Fog Offloading in a Mobility-Aware Healthcare Environment","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388943808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3040019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/digital3040019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3040019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/3/4/19/pdf?version=1700723078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185390","display_name":"Digital","issn_l":"2673-6470","issn":["2673-6470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/3/4/19/pdf?version=1700723078","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020244946","display_name":"Ferdous Sharifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-6233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdous Sharifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9517, Iran","School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-6233","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9517, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003596990","display_name":"Ali Rasaii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0572-7956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Rasaii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9517, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9517, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023123333","display_name":"Amirmohammad Pasdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-5803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amirmohammad Pasdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia","School of Systems & Computing, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems & Computing, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596","https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091774451","display_name":"Shaahin Hessabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-2567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaahin Hessabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9517, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-2567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9517, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091456984","display_name":"Young Choon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Young Choon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091456984"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9838,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77974714,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"300","last_page":"318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7715319395065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7130131721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5972133874893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.5883258581161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5541804432868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5400108098983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.497844934463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.47427138686180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4634203016757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13233593106269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08315539360046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08281812071800232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7715319395065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7130131721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5972133874893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.5883258581161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5541804432868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5400108098983765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.497844934463501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47427138686180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4634203016757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13233593106269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08315539360046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08281812071800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/digital3040019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3040019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/3/4/19/pdf?version=1700723078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185390","display_name":"Digital","issn_l":"2673-6470","issn":["2673-6470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a22c4d6a23a940e9a493bc2172fb027f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a22c4d6a23a940e9a493bc2172fb027f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Digital, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 300-318 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2673-6470/3/4/19/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/digital3040019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/digital3040019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/digital3040019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2673-6470/3/4/19/pdf?version=1700723078","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185390","display_name":"Digital","issn_l":"2673-6470","issn":["2673-6470"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388943808.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2414114959","https://openalex.org/W2754809033","https://openalex.org/W2781114336","https://openalex.org/W2782105028","https://openalex.org/W2811178756","https://openalex.org/W2885657717","https://openalex.org/W2974081242","https://openalex.org/W2998842060","https://openalex.org/W3039388782","https://openalex.org/W3045171440","https://openalex.org/W3048697798","https://openalex.org/W3092029133","https://openalex.org/W3102441862","https://openalex.org/W3103487703","https://openalex.org/W3118359622","https://openalex.org/W3126575951","https://openalex.org/W3133576474","https://openalex.org/W3138762104","https://openalex.org/W3158635352","https://openalex.org/W3163162707","https://openalex.org/W3171617040","https://openalex.org/W3208119029","https://openalex.org/W4291433199","https://openalex.org/W4291701175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034529322","https://openalex.org/W2113597336","https://openalex.org/W2115913271","https://openalex.org/W2155505549","https://openalex.org/W2357479218","https://openalex.org/W1819546284","https://openalex.org/W2018648706","https://openalex.org/W2114232034","https://openalex.org/W3129876265","https://openalex.org/W4226126147"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,49,95,108,115,119,129,146,210,226],"fog":[3,50,110,121,131,157,162,178,202],"computing":[4,117,127,235],"has":[5],"significantly":[6],"enhanced":[7],"real-time":[8],"data":[9,17],"processing":[10,31,96],"by":[11,169],"bringing":[12],"computation":[13],"resources":[14],"closer":[15],"to":[16,123,176,198,233],"sources.":[18],"This":[19,52],"adoption":[20,36],"is":[21,37,41],"very":[22,38],"beneficial":[23],"in":[24,98,187,216,229,240],"the":[25,45,63,67,89,99,105,109,116,125,130,152,160,170,177,184,188,191,206,220],"healthcare":[26,100,211,218],"sector,":[27],"where":[28],"abundant":[29],"time-sensitive":[30],"tasks":[32,97,147],"exist.":[33],"Although":[34],"such":[35],"promising,":[39],"there":[40],"a":[42,77,81,155,217,237],"challenge":[43,53],"with":[44],"limited":[46,185],"computational":[47],"capacity":[48,118],"nodes.":[51,179],"becomes":[54],"even":[55],"more":[56],"critical":[57],"when":[58],"mobile":[59,120,138,189],"IoT":[60,139,171],"nodes":[61,122,140,172,203],"enter":[62],"network,":[64],"potentially":[65],"increasing":[66],"network":[68,241],"load.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72,74,134],"challenge,":[73],"paper":[75],"presents":[76],"framework":[78,103,135],"that":[79,141],"leverages":[80],"Many-to-One":[82],"offloading":[83],"(M2One)":[84],"policy":[85],"designed":[86],"for":[87,137],"modelling":[88],"dynamic":[90],"nature":[91],"and":[92,173,195,204,236],"time-critical":[93],"aspect":[94],"domain.":[101],"benefits":[104],"multi-tier":[106],"structure":[107],"layer,":[111],"making":[112],"efficient":[113],"use":[114],"enhance":[124],"overall":[126],"capability":[128],"network.":[132],"Moreover,":[133],"accounts":[136],"generate":[142],"an":[143,224],"unpredictable":[144,149],"volume":[145],"at":[148],"intervals.":[150],"Under":[151],"proposed":[153],"policy,":[154],"first-tier":[156],"node,":[158,163],"called":[159],"coordinator":[161],"efficiently":[164],"manages":[165],"all":[166],"requests":[167,200],"offloaded":[168],"allocates":[174],"them":[175],"It":[180],"considers":[181],"factors":[182],"like":[183],"energy":[186],"nodes,":[190],"communication":[192],"channel":[193],"status,":[194],"low-latency":[196],"demands":[197],"distribute":[199],"among":[201],"meet":[205],"stringent":[207],"latency":[208],"requirements":[209],"applications.":[212],"Through":[213],"extensive":[214],"simulations":[215],"scenario,":[219],"policy\u2019s":[221],"effectiveness":[222],"showed":[223],"improvement":[225],"approximately":[227],"30%":[228],"average":[230],"delay":[231],"compared":[232],"cloud":[234],"significant":[238],"reduction":[239],"usage.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}