{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405108550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data9120142","title":"Nearest-Better Network-Assisted Fitness Landscape Analysis of Contaminant Source Identification in Water Distribution Network","display_name":"Nearest-Better Network-Assisted Fitness Landscape Analysis of Contaminant Source Identification in Water Distribution Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405108550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data9120142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data9120142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data9120142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data9120142","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042440018","display_name":"Yiya Diao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1685-7469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327237609","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiya Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China","Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, Wuhan 430074, China","School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1685-7469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology for Geo-Exploration, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Intelligent Automation for Complex Systems, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102840769","display_name":"Changhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-0702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Hefei 232001, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-0702","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Hefei 232001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045036894","display_name":"Sanyou Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0795-9092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanyou Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Information, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040583251","display_name":"Shengxiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengxiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-4917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Informatics, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102840769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.1816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48370895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"12","first_page":"142","last_page":"142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7409940958023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6878800392150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-landscape","display_name":"Fitness landscape","score":0.6371809244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4694121778011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4155101776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-analysis","display_name":"Network analysis","score":0.4118732511997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4087233543395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.374655544757843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3394901156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.15458640456199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12911072373390198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7409940958023071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6878800392150879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91852762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307742","display_name":"Fitness landscape","level":3,"score":0.6371809244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4694121778011322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4155101776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32946077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618079","display_name":"Network analysis","level":2,"score":0.4118732511997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4087233543395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.374655544757843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3394901156425476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15458640456199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12911072373390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data9120142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data9120142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:9:y:2024:i:12:p:142-:d:1538269","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/9/12/142/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9a3637a42524c6a98f7f5b95be52a71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9a3637a42524c6a98f7f5b95be52a71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 9, Iss 12, p 142 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data9120142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data9120142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3184192546","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023AFA049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4851160623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62476006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7237208324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JBZD0007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596568617","https://openalex.org/W1607126422","https://openalex.org/W2044400415","https://openalex.org/W2058203129","https://openalex.org/W2062521720","https://openalex.org/W2095199595","https://openalex.org/W2155070506","https://openalex.org/W2227416342","https://openalex.org/W2410858255","https://openalex.org/W2573212983","https://openalex.org/W2617298469","https://openalex.org/W2768617563","https://openalex.org/W2884273733","https://openalex.org/W2987511468","https://openalex.org/W3123511746","https://openalex.org/W3126229686","https://openalex.org/W3132439095","https://openalex.org/W3139069418","https://openalex.org/W4207063358","https://openalex.org/W4283717172","https://openalex.org/W4318833999","https://openalex.org/W4385188758","https://openalex.org/W4403534938","https://openalex.org/W6674444237","https://openalex.org/W6715056422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322621737","https://openalex.org/W1984474632","https://openalex.org/W1997080762","https://openalex.org/W2018853124","https://openalex.org/W2979798330","https://openalex.org/W4391323729","https://openalex.org/W4385836827","https://openalex.org/W1970185413","https://openalex.org/W4225245892","https://openalex.org/W3098815132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contaminant":[0],"Source":[1],"Identification":[2],"in":[3,41],"Water":[4],"Distribution":[5],"Network":[6,79],"(CSWIDN)":[7],"is":[8],"critical":[9],"for":[10,55,85,91],"ensuring":[11],"public":[12],"health,":[13],"and":[14,107,171],"optimization":[15,164],"algorithms":[16,27],"are":[17,28,146],"commonly":[18],"used":[19],"to":[20,31,149,176],"solve":[21],"this":[22,65],"complex":[23],"problem.":[24,156],"However,":[25],"these":[26,129,137,174],"highly":[29],"sensitive":[30],"the":[32,52,77,81,92,98,117,150,154,160],"problem\u2019s":[33,118],"landscape":[34,54,72,99,120,170],"features,":[35,100],"which":[36],"has":[37,46],"limited":[38],"their":[39],"effectiveness":[40],"practice.":[42],"Despite":[43],"this,":[44],"there":[45],"been":[47],"little":[48],"experimental":[49],"analysis":[50,73,89],"of":[51,74,116,153,162],"fitness":[53,71],"CSWIDN,":[56],"particularly":[57],"given":[58],"its":[59,169],"mixed-encoding":[60,86],"nature.":[61],"This":[62,157],"study":[63],"addresses":[64],"gap":[66],"by":[67,165],"conducting":[68],"a":[69],"comprehensive":[70],"CSWIDN":[75,96,155,163],"using":[76],"Nearest-Better":[78],"(NBN),":[80],"only":[82,112],"applicable":[83],"method":[84],"problems.":[87],"Our":[88],"reveals":[90],"first":[93],"time":[94],"that":[95,145],"exhibits":[97],"including":[101],"neutrality,":[102],"ruggedness,":[103],"modality,":[104],"dynamic":[105],"change,":[106],"separability.":[108],"These":[109],"findings":[110],"not":[111],"deepen":[113],"our":[114],"understanding":[115],"inherent":[119],"features":[121,130,175],"but":[122],"also":[123],"provide":[124],"quantitative":[125],"insights":[126],"into":[127],"how":[128],"influence":[131],"algorithm":[132,142],"performance.":[133],"Additionally,":[134],"based":[135],"on":[136],"insights,":[138],"we":[139],"propose":[140],"specific":[141],"design":[143],"recommendations":[144],"better":[147],"suited":[148],"unique":[151],"challenges":[152],"work":[158],"advances":[159],"knowledge":[161],"both":[166],"qualitatively":[167],"characterizing":[168],"quantitatively":[172],"linking":[173],"algorithms\u2019":[177],"behaviors.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}