{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389310555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8120185","title":"Land Cover Classification in the Antioquia Region of the Tropical Andes Using NICFI Satellite Data Program Imagery and Semantic Segmentation Techniques","display_name":"Land Cover Classification in the Antioquia Region of the Tropical Andes Using NICFI Satellite Data Program Imagery and Semantic Segmentation Techniques","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389310555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8120185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8120185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8120185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/12/185/pdf?version=1701657822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/12/185/pdf?version=1701657822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010729431","display_name":"Luisa Fernanda G\u00f3mez Ossa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-4908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luisa F. Gomez-Ossa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9971-4908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028117058","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n S\u00e1nchez Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-0732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I227875332","display_name":"University of Magdalena","ror":"https://ror.org/038mvjn28","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Sanchez-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta 470004, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-0732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta 470004, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011945913","display_name":"John W. Branch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-028X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Branch-Bedoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-028X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Minas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medell\u00edn 050041, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010729431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.4675,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69346567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"12","first_page":"185","last_page":"185"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7685905694961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6376821398735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6176146268844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.598857581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.5185937881469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5163751840591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.42673587799072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.42405349016189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37957242131233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.3658156991004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35715800523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24822387099266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08870035409927368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7685905694961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6376821398735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6176146268844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.598857581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.5185937881469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5163751840591431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.42673587799072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.42405349016189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37957242131233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3658156991004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35715800523757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24822387099266052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08870035409927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8120185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8120185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/12/185/pdf?version=1701657822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:8:y:2023:i:12:p:185-:d:1293360","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/12/185/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce4e80e4bc00468085088f72c7370152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce4e80e4bc00468085088f72c7370152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 8, Iss 12, p 185 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8120185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8120185","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/12/185/pdf?version=1701657822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321458","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389310555.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971240982","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W2014187500","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2499316477","https://openalex.org/W2554000888","https://openalex.org/W2566450823","https://openalex.org/W2588641173","https://openalex.org/W2624675266","https://openalex.org/W2735918555","https://openalex.org/W2742878349","https://openalex.org/W2766338595","https://openalex.org/W2795840897","https://openalex.org/W2804532080","https://openalex.org/W2888842680","https://openalex.org/W2893811450","https://openalex.org/W2900180889","https://openalex.org/W2901869095","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2940726923","https://openalex.org/W2945020349","https://openalex.org/W2949736877","https://openalex.org/W2955477134","https://openalex.org/W2963525222","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W2973660294","https://openalex.org/W2986943971","https://openalex.org/W2994400255","https://openalex.org/W2999010101","https://openalex.org/W3003178186","https://openalex.org/W3007268491","https://openalex.org/W3007670829","https://openalex.org/W3020919851","https://openalex.org/W3042861622","https://openalex.org/W3087890773","https://openalex.org/W3090330565","https://openalex.org/W3091842132","https://openalex.org/W3094309005","https://openalex.org/W3099116041","https://openalex.org/W3104369000","https://openalex.org/W3110908156","https://openalex.org/W3130141308","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3148071517","https://openalex.org/W3165209762","https://openalex.org/W3187883086","https://openalex.org/W3198940810","https://openalex.org/W3200033436","https://openalex.org/W3206021776","https://openalex.org/W3207200417","https://openalex.org/W3213513932","https://openalex.org/W3214533654","https://openalex.org/W3217116165","https://openalex.org/W4200223653","https://openalex.org/W4200561054","https://openalex.org/W4205688418","https://openalex.org/W4206278361","https://openalex.org/W4206996658","https://openalex.org/W4214628513","https://openalex.org/W4214909946","https://openalex.org/W4221059785","https://openalex.org/W4221096608","https://openalex.org/W4232914504","https://openalex.org/W4281619551","https://openalex.org/W4281643045","https://openalex.org/W4283462164","https://openalex.org/W4292970449","https://openalex.org/W4298007422","https://openalex.org/W4307101385","https://openalex.org/W4307113491","https://openalex.org/W4307151672","https://openalex.org/W4308344043","https://openalex.org/W4308744608","https://openalex.org/W4312084665","https://openalex.org/W4312979490","https://openalex.org/W4313200744","https://openalex.org/W4366780408","https://openalex.org/W4367676034","https://openalex.org/W4376253916","https://openalex.org/W4382137977","https://openalex.org/W4388129777","https://openalex.org/W4393570610","https://openalex.org/W6643089521","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6765492952","https://openalex.org/W6799436884","https://openalex.org/W6803524230","https://openalex.org/W6839397270","https://openalex.org/W6842258141","https://openalex.org/W6843943731","https://openalex.org/W6845977623","https://openalex.org/W6847602448","https://openalex.org/W6852404376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W292456094","https://openalex.org/W1997160662","https://openalex.org/W3133615129","https://openalex.org/W2087854757","https://openalex.org/W2188959887","https://openalex.org/W2373152553","https://openalex.org/W3192667092","https://openalex.org/W4389201442","https://openalex.org/W2386169820","https://openalex.org/W604251607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Land":[0,71],"cover":[1,19,179],"classification,":[2],"generated":[3],"from":[4,51,78,115],"satellite":[5],"imagery":[6,209],"through":[7],"semantic":[8],"segmentation,":[9],"has":[10,294],"become":[11],"fundamental":[12],"for":[13,44,104,181,202,237,278,297],"monitoring":[14],"land":[15,18,110,302],"use":[16,303],"and":[17,55,85,106,155,172,226,235,241,304],"change":[20],"(LULCC).":[21],"The":[22,129,215],"tropical":[23,290],"Andes":[24,70],"territory":[25],"provides":[26],"opportunities":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,165],"its":[30,52,62,197],"significance":[31],"in":[32,127,133,196,284],"the":[33,39,59,68,97,116,123,174,182,186,220,223,246,255,265,273,279,289,305],"provision":[34],"of":[35,41,61,87,109,125,151,176,188,199,222,232,258,275,281,307],"ecosystem":[36],"services.":[37],"However,":[38],"lack":[40],"reliable":[42],"data":[43,114,168,201],"this":[45,65,191],"region,":[46],"coupled":[47],"with":[48,141,158,205,219,264],"challenges":[49],"arising":[50],"mountainous":[53],"topography":[54],"diverse":[56],"ecosystems,":[57],"hinders":[58],"description":[60],"coverage.":[63],"Therefore,":[64],"research":[66],"proposes":[67],"Tropical":[69],"Cover":[72],"Dataset":[73],"(TALANDCOVER).":[74],"It":[75],"is":[76,102,193],"constructed":[77],"three":[79],"sample":[80,224,249],"strategies:":[81],"aleatory,":[82,238],"minimum":[83],"50%,":[84,240],"70%":[86],"representation":[88],"per":[89],"class,":[90],"which":[91,252],"address":[92],"imbalanced":[93],"geographic":[94],"data.":[95],"Additionally,":[96],"U-Net":[98],"deep":[99,260,276],"learning":[100,261],"model":[101],"applied":[103],"enhanced":[105],"tailored":[107],"classification":[108,280],"covers.":[111],"Using":[112],"high-resolution":[113],"NICFI":[117,208],"program,":[118],"our":[119,189,259],"analysis":[120],"focuses":[121],"on":[122],"Department":[124],"Antioquia":[126],"Colombia.":[128],"TALANDCOVER":[130,266],"dataset,":[131],"presented":[132],"TIF":[134],"format,":[135],"comprises":[136],"multiband":[137],"R-G-B-NIR":[138],"images":[139],"paired":[140],"six":[142],"labels":[143],"(dense":[144],"forest,":[145],"grasslands,":[146],"heterogeneous":[147],"agricultural":[148],"areas,":[149,154,286],"bodies":[150],"water,":[152],"built-up":[153],"bare-degraded":[156],"lands)":[157],"an":[159],"estimated":[160],"0.76":[161],"F1":[162,229],"score":[163,230],"compared":[164],"ground":[166],"truth":[167],"by":[169],"expert":[170,247],"knowledge":[171],"surpassing":[173],"precision":[175],"existing":[177],"global":[178],"maps":[180],"study":[183],"area.":[184],"To":[185],"best":[187],"knowledge,":[190],"work":[192],"a":[194,211],"pioneer":[195],"release":[198],"open-source":[200],"segmenting":[203],"coverages":[204],"pixel-wise":[206],"labeled":[207],"at":[210],"4.77":[212],"m":[213],"resolution.":[214],"experiments":[216],"carried":[217],"out":[218],"application":[221,257],"strategies":[225],"models":[227],"show":[228],"values":[231],"0.70,":[233],"0.72,":[234],"0.74":[236],"balanced":[239,242],"70%,":[243],"respectively,":[244],"over":[245],"segmented":[248],"(ground":[250],"truth),":[251],"suggests":[253],"that":[254,271],"personalized":[256],"model,":[262],"together":[263],"dataset":[267],"offers":[268],"different":[269],"possibilities":[270],"facilitate":[272],"training":[274],"architectures":[277],"large-scale":[282],"covers":[283],"complex":[285],"such":[287],"as":[288],"Andes.":[291],"This":[292],"advance":[293],"significant":[295],"potential":[296],"decision":[298],"making,":[299],"emphasizing":[300],"sustainable":[301],"conservation":[306],"natural":[308],"resources.":[309]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}