{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378715929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060096","title":"Exploring the Evolution of Sentiment in Spanish Pandemic Tweets: A Data Analysis Based on a Fine-Tuned BERT Architecture","display_name":"Exploring the Evolution of Sentiment in Spanish Pandemic Tweets: A Data Analysis Based on a Fine-Tuned BERT Architecture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378715929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060096"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8060096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/96/pdf?version=1685345373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/96/pdf?version=1685345373","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102835866","display_name":"Carlos Henr\u00edquez Miranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-1413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I227875332","display_name":"University of Magdalena","ror":"https://ror.org/038mvjn28","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Henr\u00edquez Miranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad del Magdalena; Santa Marta 470001, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad del Magdalena; Santa Marta 470001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028117058","display_name":"Germ\u00e1n S\u00e1nchez Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-0732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I227875332","display_name":"University of Magdalena","ror":"https://ror.org/038mvjn28","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Sanchez-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad del Magdalena; Santa Marta 470001, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-0732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad del Magdalena; Santa Marta 470001, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044883268","display_name":"Dixon Salcedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","display_name":"University of the Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5nhr20","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dixon Salcedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Electronics, University of the Coast, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-8462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Electronics, University of the Coast, Barranquilla 080020, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102835866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227875332"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.3633,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84381278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"96","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.9195529818534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7243419885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.6733831763267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6692689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.6439614295959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.5215582847595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4813840687274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45136523246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.32722559571266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3191879391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.26232314109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24578654766082764}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.9195529818534851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7243419885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6733831763267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6692689657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.6439614295959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5215582847595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4813840687274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45136523246765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.32722559571266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3191879391670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.26232314109802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24578654766082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8060096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/96/pdf?version=1685345373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:8:y:2023:i:6:p:96-:d:1158345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/96/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6b5240d7fdf43ebb4b62bb2fb1142a0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6b5240d7fdf43ebb4b62bb2fb1142a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 8, Iss 6, p 96 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/8/6/96/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data8060096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data; Volume 8; Issue 6; Pages: 96","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/10569","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11323/10569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196388","display_name":"DSPACE System - Metalibrary (University of the Coast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210112678","host_organization_name":"University of the Coast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112678"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/96","raw_type":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data8060096","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data8060096","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/8/6/96/pdf?version=1685345373","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378715929.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40549020","https://openalex.org/W2076261066","https://openalex.org/W2122522916","https://openalex.org/W2251691443","https://openalex.org/W2251845435","https://openalex.org/W2272031392","https://openalex.org/W2480273168","https://openalex.org/W2535739320","https://openalex.org/W2555634839","https://openalex.org/W2579379435","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2740582239","https://openalex.org/W2758866785","https://openalex.org/W2766332866","https://openalex.org/W2964236337","https://openalex.org/W3026887460","https://openalex.org/W3029529029","https://openalex.org/W3033356006","https://openalex.org/W3036315891","https://openalex.org/W3037379614","https://openalex.org/W3082506307","https://openalex.org/W3094221957","https://openalex.org/W3106003309","https://openalex.org/W3109187391","https://openalex.org/W3117864197","https://openalex.org/W3125087699","https://openalex.org/W3150290404","https://openalex.org/W3154098986","https://openalex.org/W3155398915","https://openalex.org/W3161138530","https://openalex.org/W3166163526","https://openalex.org/W3173999034","https://openalex.org/W3176374876","https://openalex.org/W3190593662","https://openalex.org/W3203370044","https://openalex.org/W3211939470","https://openalex.org/W4200186624","https://openalex.org/W4205184193","https://openalex.org/W4211186029","https://openalex.org/W4220920414","https://openalex.org/W4229331749","https://openalex.org/W4281260251","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4290024101","https://openalex.org/W4309091564","https://openalex.org/W4309776725","https://openalex.org/W4310224234","https://openalex.org/W4310716246","https://openalex.org/W4313837679","https://openalex.org/W4320737669","https://openalex.org/W4321494529","https://openalex.org/W4327642322","https://openalex.org/W4385681388","https://openalex.org/W6669670744","https://openalex.org/W6736960337","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6786283907","https://openalex.org/W6846936113","https://openalex.org/W7043009688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2548633793","https://openalex.org/W2941935829","https://openalex.org/W3089396779","https://openalex.org/W2596247554","https://openalex.org/W4301373556","https://openalex.org/W3013279174","https://openalex.org/W3132372214","https://openalex.org/W4224284088","https://openalex.org/W3119540162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,86,105],"COVID-19":[1,149],"pandemic":[2,21,52,150],"has":[3,22],"had":[4],"a":[5,55,60,99],"significant":[6,125],"impact":[7,146,156],"on":[8,28,36,59,112,151,157],"various":[9],"aspects":[10],"of":[11,48,66,147],"society,":[12],"including":[13],"economic,":[14],"health,":[15],"political,":[16],"and":[17,34,76,82,118,133,153],"work-related":[18],"domains.":[19],"also":[23],"caused":[24],"an":[25],"emotional":[26,145],"effect":[27],"individuals,":[29],"reflected":[30],"in":[31,50],"their":[32],"opinions":[33],"comments":[35],"social":[37,158],"media":[38,159],"platforms,":[39],"such":[40,115],"as":[41,116],"Twitter.":[42],"This":[43,120],"study":[44,121],"explores":[45],"the":[46,84,144,148,154],"evolution":[47],"sentiment":[49,94,103,123],"Spanish":[51],"tweets":[53,69],"through":[54],"data":[56],"analysis":[57,106],"based":[58,111],"fine-tuned":[61,87],"BERT":[62,88],"architecture.":[63],"A":[64],"total":[65],"six":[67],"million":[68],"were":[70,108],"collected":[71],"using":[72],"web":[73],"scraping":[74],"techniques,":[75],"pre-processing":[77],"was":[78,90],"applied":[79],"to":[80,92,102],"filter":[81],"clean":[83],"data.":[85],"architecture":[89],"utilized":[91],"perform":[93],"analysis,":[95],"which":[96],"allowed":[97],"for":[98],"deep-learning":[100],"approach":[101],"classification.":[104],"results":[107],"graphically":[109],"represented":[110],"search":[113],"criteria,":[114],"\u201cCOVID-19\u201d":[117],"\u201ccoronavirus\u201d.":[119],"reveals":[122],"trends,":[124],"concerns,":[126],"relationship":[127],"with":[128],"announced":[129],"news,":[130],"public":[131],"reactions,":[132],"information":[134],"dissemination,":[135],"among":[136],"other":[137],"aspects.":[138],"These":[139],"findings":[140],"provide":[141],"insight":[142],"into":[143],"individuals":[152],"corresponding":[155],"platforms.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2023-05-30T00:00:00"}
