{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998089948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5010026","title":"Trend Analysis on Adoption of Virtual and Augmented Reality in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry","display_name":"Trend Analysis on Adoption of Virtual and Augmented Reality in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998089948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5010026","mag":"2998089948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data5010026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5010026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/1/26/pdf?version=1584088255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/1/26/pdf?version=1584088255","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085833462","display_name":"Mojtaba Noghabaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-1840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Noghabaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-1840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009161432","display_name":"Arsalan Heydarian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-6947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arsalan Heydarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, Link Lab, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering Systems and Environment, Link Lab, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219","https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004440941","display_name":"Vahid Balali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Balali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Management, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5553-7599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering and Construction Management, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012147782","display_name":"Kevin Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-8381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-8381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085833462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":43.821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":224,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9992533,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7744967937469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7660925388336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5849191546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5605282187461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-industry","display_name":"Construction industry","score":0.4872090220451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-industry","display_name":"Healthcare industry","score":0.4424165189266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4274555444717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3989569842815399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36849623918533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.36221277713775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3426884114742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.3158140778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-engineering","display_name":"Construction engineering","score":0.15170425176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.1348716914653778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11157813668251038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7744967937469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7660925388336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5849191546440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5605282187461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984708878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385378","display_name":"Construction industry","level":2,"score":0.4872090220451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989086416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15067276","display_name":"Healthcare industry","level":3,"score":0.4424165189266205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4274555444717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3989569842815399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36849623918533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.36221277713775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3426884114742279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.3158140778541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107053488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2674423","display_name":"Construction engineering","level":1,"score":0.15170425176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.1348716914653778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11157813668251038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data5010026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5010026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/1/26/pdf?version=1584088255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:5:y:2020:i:1:p:26-:d:331950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/1/26/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:adae97f464b642269cef6f2a87b905c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/adae97f464b642269cef6f2a87b905c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 5, Iss 1, p 26 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/5/1/26/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5010026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data5010026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data5010026","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/5/1/26/pdf?version=1584088255","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998089948.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998089948.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181482456","https://openalex.org/W201939430","https://openalex.org/W1646074461","https://openalex.org/W1878261120","https://openalex.org/W1976408896","https://openalex.org/W1991998697","https://openalex.org/W1997402510","https://openalex.org/W1997639481","https://openalex.org/W2024074057","https://openalex.org/W2029638591","https://openalex.org/W2040337407","https://openalex.org/W2052531283","https://openalex.org/W2055249520","https://openalex.org/W2068925510","https://openalex.org/W2074410689","https://openalex.org/W2075797452","https://openalex.org/W2136389766","https://openalex.org/W2155412881","https://openalex.org/W2253312808","https://openalex.org/W2284822132","https://openalex.org/W2305988415","https://openalex.org/W2317526143","https://openalex.org/W2469904922","https://openalex.org/W2470790369","https://openalex.org/W2517209484","https://openalex.org/W2528505440","https://openalex.org/W2541572939","https://openalex.org/W2548681905","https://openalex.org/W2554204498","https://openalex.org/W2557455222","https://openalex.org/W2559351974","https://openalex.org/W2564280983","https://openalex.org/W2594289808","https://openalex.org/W2600002043","https://openalex.org/W2600007407","https://openalex.org/W2612863202","https://openalex.org/W2619737019","https://openalex.org/W2621151769","https://openalex.org/W2626182261","https://openalex.org/W2725408504","https://openalex.org/W2743267071","https://openalex.org/W2744595380","https://openalex.org/W2752321621","https://openalex.org/W2763439172","https://openalex.org/W2768673343","https://openalex.org/W2769528945","https://openalex.org/W2770233082","https://openalex.org/W2770867434","https://openalex.org/W2784239212","https://openalex.org/W2784686468","https://openalex.org/W2800603337","https://openalex.org/W2887395015","https://openalex.org/W2887620954","https://openalex.org/W2896728889","https://openalex.org/W2896896777","https://openalex.org/W2898995475","https://openalex.org/W2905378938","https://openalex.org/W2912575558","https://openalex.org/W2953288178","https://openalex.org/W2978139211","https://openalex.org/W2999441934","https://openalex.org/W3000012632","https://openalex.org/W3105738833","https://openalex.org/W4230740928","https://openalex.org/W6650102352","https://openalex.org/W6768024670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2991048842","https://openalex.org/W2750280393","https://openalex.org/W2355696739","https://openalex.org/W4378228679","https://openalex.org/W2736982640","https://openalex.org/W4378228262","https://openalex.org/W3107375852","https://openalex.org/W2752321621","https://openalex.org/W2789244453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,19,38,58,72,163,205,211,229,232],"Building":[3],"Information":[4],"Modeling":[5],"(BIM),":[6],"Virtual":[7],"Reality":[8,12],"(VR)":[9],"and":[10,23,76,93,122,132,158,173,186,188],"Augmented":[11],"(AR)":[13],"technologies":[14,75,137,157,210],"have":[15,176],"many":[16],"potential":[17],"applications":[18],"the":[20,28,50,69,80,128,139,153,167,180,192,206,217,223,233],"Architecture,":[21],"Engineering,":[22],"Construction":[24],"(AEC)":[25],"industry.":[26,81,141],"However,":[27],"AEC":[29,140,234],"industry,":[30],"relative":[31],"to":[32,44,67,87,126,183,197,213,238],"other":[33,184],"industries,":[34],"has":[35],"been":[36],"slow":[37],"adopting":[39,73],"AR/VR":[40,74,136,156,164,209,230],"technologies,":[41],"partly":[42],"due":[43],"lack":[45],"of":[46,53,63,104,155,208],"feasibility":[47],"studies":[48],"examining":[49],"actual":[51],"cost":[52],"implementation":[54],"versus":[55],"an":[56],"increase":[57,228],"profit.":[59],"The":[60,82,142],"main":[61],"objectives":[62],"this":[64],"paper":[65],"are":[66,148],"understand":[68],"industry":[70,120,235],"trends":[71],"identifying":[77],"gaps":[78,84],"within":[79],"identified":[83],"can":[85],"lead":[86],"opportunities":[88,134],"for":[89,135,138],"developing":[90],"new":[91,95],"tools":[92,179],"finding":[94],"use":[96,207],"cases.":[97],"To":[98],"achieve":[99],"these":[100,178],"goals,":[101],"two":[102,108],"rounds":[103],"a":[105,202,226],"survey":[106],"at":[107],"different":[109],"time":[110],"periods":[111],"(a":[112],"year":[113],"apart)":[114],"were":[115,124],"conducted.":[116],"Responses":[117],"from":[118,195,236],"158":[119],"experts":[121,200],"researchers":[123],"analyzed":[125],"assess":[127],"current":[129],"state,":[130],"growth,":[131],"saving":[133],"findings":[143,224],"demonstrate":[144],"that":[145,171],"older":[146],"generations":[147],"significantly":[149],"more":[150,161],"confident":[151],"about":[152],"future":[154],"they":[159],"see":[160],"benefits":[162],"utilization.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"research":[168],"results":[169],"indicate":[170],"Residential":[172],"commercial":[174],"sectors":[175,185,190],"adopted":[177],"most,":[181],"compared":[182],"institutional":[187],"transportation":[189],"had":[191],"highest":[193,218],"growth":[194,204],"2017":[196,237],"2018.":[198,239],"Industry":[199],"anticipated":[201],"solid":[203],"5":[212],"10":[214],"years,":[215],"with":[216],"expectations":[219],"towards":[220],"healthcare.":[221],"Ultimately,":[222],"show":[225],"significant":[227],"utilization":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-24T08:23:43.765630","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}