{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965982357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data4030119","title":"Gifted and Talented Services for EFL Learners in China: A Step-by-Step Guide to Propensity Score Matching Analysis in R","display_name":"Gifted and Talented Services for EFL Learners in China: A Step-by-Step Guide to Propensity Score Matching Analysis in R","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965982357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data4030119","mag":"2965982357"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data4030119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data4030119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/119/pdf?version=1565082357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/119/pdf?version=1565082357","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013728220","display_name":"Shifang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-4684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shifang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research and Development in Dual Language and Literacy Acquisition (CRDLLA), Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-4684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research and Development in Dual Language and Literacy Acquisition (CRDLLA), Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046065350","display_name":"Fuhui Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0555-892X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhui Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Research and Development in Dual Language and Literacy Acquisition (CRDLLA), Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0555-892X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Research and Development in Dual Language and Literacy Acquisition (CRDLLA), Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Psychology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067828062","display_name":"Lu Xiuhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuhong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013728220"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10800703,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"3","first_page":"119","last_page":"119"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13566","display_name":"Global Educational Reforms and Inequalities","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propensity-score-matching","display_name":"Propensity score matching","score":0.9063215255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.763434648513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.6725228428840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6087419390678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","score":0.5754684805870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.5520555973052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5388623476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5338616967201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5029098391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4832087755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.4788636863231659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4362598657608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35609957575798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2733144164085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26223695278167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23298418521881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10169124603271484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.9063215255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.763434648513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.6725228428840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6087419390678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.5754684805870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986378755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a foreign language","level":2,"score":0.5520555973052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5388623476028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5338616967201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5029098391532898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4832087755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.4788636863231659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.4362598657608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35609957575798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2733144164085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26223695278167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23298418521881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10169124603271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data4030119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data4030119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/119/pdf?version=1565082357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:4:y:2019:i:3:p:119-:d:254569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/119/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34b81b6c89364eedb1aeed99c734be71","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34b81b6c89364eedb1aeed99c734be71","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 4, Iss 3, p 119 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/4/3/119/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data4030119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data4030119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data4030119","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/119/pdf?version=1565082357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965982357.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965982357.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26920911","https://openalex.org/W787591596","https://openalex.org/W1594294799","https://openalex.org/W1597317158","https://openalex.org/W1730782591","https://openalex.org/W1784385167","https://openalex.org/W1997316888","https://openalex.org/W2012334368","https://openalex.org/W2039548468","https://openalex.org/W2054555672","https://openalex.org/W2061159344","https://openalex.org/W2065441216","https://openalex.org/W2123698776","https://openalex.org/W2126812490","https://openalex.org/W2130850661","https://openalex.org/W2150291618","https://openalex.org/W2152849583","https://openalex.org/W2165805586","https://openalex.org/W2168458505","https://openalex.org/W2169714201","https://openalex.org/W2170920046","https://openalex.org/W2252131973","https://openalex.org/W2401589153","https://openalex.org/W2479686871","https://openalex.org/W2515189678","https://openalex.org/W2565908330","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2597799120","https://openalex.org/W2626941519","https://openalex.org/W2744087295","https://openalex.org/W2793758739","https://openalex.org/W2794485287","https://openalex.org/W2802943737","https://openalex.org/W2889375907","https://openalex.org/W2897023267","https://openalex.org/W2937045467","https://openalex.org/W3121281446","https://openalex.org/W6622735365","https://openalex.org/W6739392140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2573114443","https://openalex.org/W4290075631","https://openalex.org/W2137925598","https://openalex.org/W2092293093","https://openalex.org/W4387235691","https://openalex.org/W3200873830","https://openalex.org/W4205480765","https://openalex.org/W4315574270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"sought":[1],"to":[2,16,43],"quantify":[3],"the":[4,70,75,84,95,99,123],"effectiveness":[5],"of":[6,66,87,101],"a":[7,21,27,48,63,127],"gifted":[8],"and":[9,80,82,90,105],"talented":[10],"(GT)":[11],"program,":[12],"as":[13,26],"was":[14,57],"provided":[15,61],"university":[17,50],"students":[18],"who":[19],"demonstrated":[20],"talent":[22,54],"for":[23,77,116],"learning":[24],"English":[25,53,135],"foreign":[28],"language":[29,136],"(EFL)":[30],"in":[31],"China.":[32],"To":[33],"do":[34],"so,":[35],"we":[36,60],"used":[37],"propensity":[38],"score":[39],"matching":[40,96,114],"(PSM)":[41],"techniques":[42],"analyze":[44],"data":[45],"collected":[46],"from":[47],"tier-1":[49],"where":[51],"an":[52,112,118],"(ET)":[55],"program":[56,125],"provided.":[58],"Specifically,":[59],"(a)":[62],"step-by-step":[64],"guide":[65],"PSM":[67,78,110],"analysis":[68,79,86],"using":[69],"R":[71],"analytical":[72],"package,":[73],"(b)":[74],"codes":[76],"visualization,":[81,104],"(c)":[83],"final":[85],"baseline":[88,106],"equivalence":[89,107],"treatment":[91],"effect":[92,131],"based":[93],"on":[94,132],"sample.":[97],"Collectively,":[98],"results":[100],"descriptive":[102],"statistics,":[103],"indicate":[108],"that":[109],"is":[111],"effective":[113],"technique":[115],"generating":[117],"unbiased":[119],"counterfactual":[120],"analysis.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"ET":[124,133],"yields":[126],"statistically":[128],"significant,":[129],"positive":[130],"students\u2019":[134],"proficiency.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
