{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2828862258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025","title":"Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD): A Database for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Research","display_name":"Indian Diabetic Retinopathy Image Dataset (IDRiD): A Database for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Research","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2828862258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025","mag":"2828862258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data3030025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/3/25/pdf?version=1531195401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/3/25/pdf?version=1531195401","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016812057","display_name":"Prasanna Porwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-7504"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prasanna Porwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-7504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073053835","display_name":"Samiksha Pachade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-6706"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samiksha Pachade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-6706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030909856","display_name":"Ravi Kamble","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-7040"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Kamble","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-7040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026124738","display_name":"Manesh Kokare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4090"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manesh Kokare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6947-4090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Excellence in Signal and Image Processing, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Nanded 431606, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057930665","display_name":"Girish Deshmukh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girish Deshmukh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eye Clinic, Sushrusha Hospital, Nanded 431601, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eye Clinic, Sushrusha Hospital, Nanded 431601, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817694","display_name":"Vivek Sahasrabuddhe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129862065","display_name":"Government Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/007fenw03","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129862065"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Sahasrabuddhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded 431606, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded 431606, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129862065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079375904","display_name":"Fabrice M\u00e9riaudeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-9913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrice Meriaudeau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical &amp; Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-9913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research, Department of Electrical &amp; Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016812057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":36.1504,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":854,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99857526,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"25","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.8795297145843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5724564790725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy","display_name":"Retinopathy","score":0.5412629842758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.5236301422119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.47443878650665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.4701668918132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.46947821974754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4551044702529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32140177488327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.19240635633468628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.8795297145843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5724564790725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778313320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550455","display_name":"Retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.5412629842758179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5236301422119141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.47443878650665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.4701668918132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46947821974754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4551044702529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32140177488327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.19240635633468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data3030025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/3/25/pdf?version=1531195401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:3:y:2018:i:3:p:25-:d:157085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/3/25/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8d92d3bd68e45c0929ca9a46d94472b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8d92d3bd68e45c0929ca9a46d94472b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 3, Iss 3, p 25 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/3/3/25/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data3030025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data3030025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3030025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/3/25/pdf?version=1531195401","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2828862258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2828862258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1926080689","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1982890488","https://openalex.org/W1995023030","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W2016795705","https://openalex.org/W2042497109","https://openalex.org/W2095405787","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2115531174","https://openalex.org/W2123634291","https://openalex.org/W2142914838","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2169961704","https://openalex.org/W2234307896","https://openalex.org/W2297996442","https://openalex.org/W2298121077","https://openalex.org/W2486758514","https://openalex.org/W2743128999","https://openalex.org/W4211031298","https://openalex.org/W4229674936","https://openalex.org/W4238202694","https://openalex.org/W6907517211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2340948203","https://openalex.org/W2584074590","https://openalex.org/W3028974389","https://openalex.org/W2752816974","https://openalex.org/W1965139875","https://openalex.org/W1984861544","https://openalex.org/W3190746054","https://openalex.org/W2567704700","https://openalex.org/W2942861078","https://openalex.org/W2234665477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0,161],"Retinopathy":[1,162],"is":[2,165],"the":[3,13,17,27,118,126,147,154,166,194],"most":[4],"prevalent":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,26,40,46,51,63,88,128,156,170,197,215,222],"avoidable":[8],"vision":[9],"impairment,":[10],"mainly":[11],"affecting":[12],"working-age":[14],"population":[15],"in":[16,29,58,80,96,106],"world.":[18],"Recent":[19],"research":[20],"has":[21],"given":[22],"a":[23,67,186],"better":[24,36],"understanding":[25],"requirement":[28],"clinical":[30,129],"eye":[31],"care":[32],"practice":[33],"to":[34,72,117,124],"identify":[35],"and":[37,44,56,93,111,121,132,141,146,180,200,213],"cheaper":[38],"ways":[39],"identification,":[41],"management,":[42],"diagnosis":[43,62,75,79],"treatment":[45],"retinal":[47,81,134,182],"disease.":[48],"The":[49,102,189],"importance":[50],"diabetic":[52,64,177,198,201,223],"retinopathy":[53,65,178],"screening":[54,87,144],"programs":[55,145],"difficulty":[57],"achieving":[59],"reliable":[60],"early":[61,220],"at":[66,150,185],"reasonable":[68],"cost":[69],"needs":[70],"attention":[71],"develop":[73],"computer-aided":[74],"tool.":[76],"Computer-aided":[77],"disease":[78,195],"image":[82,135,216],"analysis":[83,217],"could":[84],"ease":[85],"mass":[86],"populations":[89],"with":[90],"diabetes":[91],"mellitus":[92],"help":[94],"clinicians":[95],"utilizing":[97],"their":[98,151],"time":[99],"more":[100],"efficiently.":[101],"recent":[103],"technological":[104],"advances":[105],"computing":[107],"power,":[108],"communication":[109],"systems,":[110],"machine":[112],"learning":[113],"techniques":[114],"provide":[115],"opportunities":[116],"biomedical":[119],"engineers":[120],"computer":[122],"scientists":[123],"meet":[125],"requirements":[127],"practice.":[130],"Diverse":[131],"representative":[133,169],"sets":[136],"are":[137],"essential":[138],"for":[139,204,211,219],"developing":[140],"testing":[142],"digital":[143],"automated":[148],"algorithms":[149,218],"core.":[152],"To":[153],"best":[155],"our":[157],"knowledge,":[158],"IDRiD":[159],"(Indian":[160],"Image":[163],"Dataset),":[164],"first":[167],"database":[168],"an":[171],"Indian":[172],"population.":[173],"It":[174],"constitutes":[175],"typical":[176],"lesions":[179],"normal":[181],"structures":[183],"annotated":[184],"pixel":[187],"level.":[188],"dataset":[190],"provides":[191],"information":[192],"on":[193],"severity":[196],"retinopathy,":[199],"macular":[202],"edema":[203],"each":[205],"image.":[206],"This":[207],"makes":[208],"it":[209],"perfect":[210],"development":[212],"evaluation":[214],"detection":[221],"retinopathy.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":164},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":150},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":166},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":90},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
