{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806740129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020019","title":"UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences","display_name":"UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806740129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020019","mag":"2806740129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data3020019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/2/19/pdf?version=1528442273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/2/19/pdf?version=1528442273","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054036839","display_name":"Asma Tabassum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asma Tabassum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083202857","display_name":"William Semke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1579-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","display_name":"University of North Dakota","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5szx83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Semke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054036839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":16.8396,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98429289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"19","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9693999886512756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.7521365284919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.6725566387176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"Air traffic control","score":0.6561568975448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.6438151597976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.6330073475837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.4942009747028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4548717737197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-dependent-surveillance-broadcast","display_name":"Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast","score":0.42452895641326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-safety","display_name":"Aviation safety","score":0.4239670932292938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.42203211784362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missile","display_name":"Missile","score":0.4104043245315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3729866147041321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.288381963968277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.13306650519371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.12769967317581177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.7521365284919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.6725566387176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.6561568975448608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.6438151597976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.6330073475837708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.4942009747028351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4548717737197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183384803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787172","display_name":"Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast","level":3,"score":0.42452895641326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538199239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640853","display_name":"Aviation safety","level":3,"score":0.4239670932292938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.42203211784362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778857364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974850","display_name":"Missile","level":2,"score":0.4104043245315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3729866147041321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.288381963968277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.13306650519371033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.12769967317581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data3020019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/2/19/pdf?version=1528442273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:commons.und.edu:me-fac-1003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://commons.und.edu/me-fac/4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402276","display_name":"UND Scholarly Commons (University of North Dakota)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24571045","host_organization_name":"University of North Dakota","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24571045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jdataj:v:3:y:2018:i:2:p:19-:d:151382","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/2/19/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ea84fc532e2e4322841b9f57dca80ae4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ea84fc532e2e4322841b9f57dca80ae4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 3, Iss 2, p 19 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2306-5729/3/2/19/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data3020019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data3020019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data3020019","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/3/2/19/pdf?version=1528442273","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2969800100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"15-C-UASUND-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332390","funder_display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332390","display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05q0y0j38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806740129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2806740129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29044665","https://openalex.org/W1411567410","https://openalex.org/W1515073590","https://openalex.org/W1946476891","https://openalex.org/W1964860485","https://openalex.org/W2019945501","https://openalex.org/W2035182600","https://openalex.org/W2038432767","https://openalex.org/W2087937661","https://openalex.org/W2094790727","https://openalex.org/W2118756516","https://openalex.org/W2163653988","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2288762662","https://openalex.org/W2525841751","https://openalex.org/W2565010509","https://openalex.org/W2596841191","https://openalex.org/W2603278978","https://openalex.org/W2744973834","https://openalex.org/W2767200452","https://openalex.org/W2774947600","https://openalex.org/W4235140465","https://openalex.org/W6910417683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3128103380","https://openalex.org/W2123738481","https://openalex.org/W2542262175","https://openalex.org/W2772531505","https://openalex.org/W2125388883","https://openalex.org/W2010431714","https://openalex.org/W630420931","https://openalex.org/W2119269691","https://openalex.org/W2142587983","https://openalex.org/W1495424341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"analysis":[1,245,265],"of":[2,5,33,132,140,174,218],"the":[3,13,31,34,43,61,78,108,136,141,180,211,238,270],"performance":[4,183],"automatic":[6],"dependent":[7],"surveillance-broadcast":[8],"(ADS-B)":[9],"data":[10,158,187,200],"received":[11,159],"from":[12,193,221],"Grand":[14],"Forks,":[15],"North":[16],"Dakota":[17],"International":[18],"Airport":[19],"was":[20,28,160,166,177,214,246,266],"carried":[21,247,267],"out":[22,248,268],"in":[23,162],"this":[24,222],"study.":[25],"The":[26,54,70,157,171,186],"purpose":[27],"to":[29,65,86,145,148,231,249,258],"understand":[30],"vulnerabilities":[32,139],"universal":[35],"access":[36],"transceiver":[37],"(UAT)":[38],"ADS-B":[39,113,142,175,182,190,229],"system":[40,143],"and":[41,47,76,97,111,122,138,205,216,269],"recognize":[42],"effects":[44],"on":[45,179,262],"present":[46],"future":[48,133],"air":[49,99],"traffic":[50,100],"control":[51,101],"(ATC)":[52,102],"operation.":[53],"Federal":[55],"Aviation":[56],"Administration":[57],"(FAA)":[58],"mandated":[59],"all":[60],"general":[62],"aviation":[63,109],"aircraft":[64,71,94],"be":[66,146],"equipped":[67],"with":[68,153],"ADS-B.":[69,90],"flying":[72],"within":[73,233],"United":[74],"States":[75],"below":[77],"transition":[79],"altitude":[80,206,276],"(18,000":[81],"feet)":[82],"are":[83,104],"more":[84,279],"likely":[85],"install":[87],"a":[88,115,129,150,234],"UAT":[89,112],"At":[91],"present,":[92],"unmanned":[93],"systems":[95],"(UAS)":[96],"autonomous":[98],"towers":[103],"being":[105,241],"integrated":[106],"into":[107,168],"industry":[110],"is":[114,225],"basic":[116],"sensor":[117],"for":[118],"both":[119],"class":[120,123],"1":[121],"2":[124],"detect-and-avoid":[125],"(DAA)":[126],"systems.":[127],"As":[128],"fundamental":[130],"component":[131],"surveillance":[134],"systems,":[135],"anomalies":[137,195],"need":[144],"identified":[147,274],"enable":[149],"fully-utilized":[151],"airspace":[152],"enhanced":[154],"situational":[155],"awareness.":[156],"archived":[161],"GDL-90":[163],"format,":[164],"which":[165],"parsed":[167],"readable":[169],"data.":[170],"anomaly":[172],"detection":[173],"messages":[176,219],"based":[178],"FAA":[181],"assessment":[184],"report.":[185],"investigation":[188],"revealed":[189],"message":[191,251],"suffered":[192,220],"different":[194],"including":[196],"dropout,":[197],"missing":[198],"payload,":[199],"jump,":[201],"low":[202],"confidence":[203],"data,":[204],"discrepancy.":[207],"Among":[208],"those":[209],"studied,":[210],"most":[212],"severe":[213],"dropout":[215,278],"32.49%":[217],"anomaly.":[223],"Dropout":[224],"an":[226,243],"incident":[227],"where":[228],"failed":[230],"update":[232],"specified":[235],"rate.":[236],"Considering":[237],"potential":[239],"danger":[240],"imposed,":[242],"in-depth":[244],"characterize":[250],"dropout.":[252,263],"Three":[253],"flight":[254,283],"parameters":[255],"were":[256],"selected":[257],"investigate":[259],"their":[260],"effect":[261],"Statistical":[264,272],"Friedman":[271],"Test":[273],"that":[275],"affected":[277],"than":[280],"any":[281],"other":[282],"parameter.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-30T09:15:22.047038","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}