{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160828994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11050111","title":"Intervention to Improve Attitudes Toward Stuttering: A Multi-Site International Replication and Expansion","display_name":"Intervention to Improve Attitudes Toward Stuttering: A Multi-Site International Replication and Expansion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160828994","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11050111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data11050111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11050111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/5/111/pdf?version=1778253423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/5/111/pdf?version=1778253423","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111594834","display_name":"KO St. Louis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth O. St. Louis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26504, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9727-9348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26504, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119932428","display_name":"Ben Bolton-Grant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801480486","display_name":"Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01776ep11","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801480486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84027002","display_name":"Leeds Beckett University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xsh5r57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Bolton-Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds Community Healthcare, Leeds LS11 0DL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-8719","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds Community Healthcare, Leeds LS11 0DL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84027002","https://openalex.org/I2801480486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128123427","display_name":"Autumn Cannon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156138","display_name":"Grand Rapids Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/053sbf336","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156138"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Autumn Cannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Special Services, Kelloggville Public Schools, Grand Rapids, MI 49548, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6527-5947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Services, Kelloggville Public Schools, Grand Rapids, MI 49548, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103218258","display_name":"Edna J. Carlo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0022-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158818660","display_name":"University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/00h25w961","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158818660","https://openalex.org/I200399037"]}],"countries":["PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edna J. Carlo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech-Language Pathology Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech-Language Pathology Program, School of Health Professions, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-5067, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158818660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081219069","display_name":"Sveta Fichman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-4506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131873961","display_name":"Hadassah Academic College","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdv1r55","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131873961"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sveta Fichman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Disorders, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 91010, Israel"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4946-4506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Disorders, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem 91010, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131873961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027589604","display_name":"Shweta Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186246823","display_name":"University of Lucknow","ror":"https://ror.org/03bdeag60","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186246823"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107565","display_name":"Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01df9ep43","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107565"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shweta Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical Psychology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3179-1925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186246823","https://openalex.org/I4210107565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078731070","display_name":"Krittika Kunda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krittika Kunda","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Community and Public Affairs, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Vestal, NY 13850, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Community and Public Affairs, Binghamton University (State University of New York), Vestal, NY 13850, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128081343","display_name":"Hailey M. O'Como","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173963315","display_name":"St. Cloud State University","ror":"https://ror.org/016czhx14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173963315","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailey M. O\u2019Como","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Saint Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Saint Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173963315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135877631","display_name":"Catherine Porter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801480486","display_name":"Leeds Community Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/01776ep11","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801480486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84027002","display_name":"Leeds Beckett University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xsh5r57","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84027002"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Porter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds Community Healthcare, Leeds LS11 0DL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds Community Healthcare, Leeds LS11 0DL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84027002","https://openalex.org/I2801480486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128110752","display_name":"B\u00e1rbara M. Pratts P\u00e9rez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185665358","display_name":"InterAmerican University of Puerto Rico","ror":"https://ror.org/00xcgnn15","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185665358"]}],"countries":["PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B\u00e1rbara M. Pratts P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Speech-Language Pathology Program, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, PR 00919-1293, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2678-2650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech-Language Pathology Program, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, San Juan, PR 00919-1293, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185665358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135833075","display_name":"Isabella Reichel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200437953","display_name":"Touro College","ror":"https://ror.org/05hwfvk38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200437953"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isabella Reichel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Touro University, New York City, NY 11223, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Speech-Language Pathology, Touro University, New York City, NY 11223, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200437953","https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135898667","display_name":"Anne Z. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Z. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3645, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-2195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-3645, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014749793","display_name":"Salman Abdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5424-4479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154083","display_name":"Semnan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05y44as61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154083"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I928334797","display_name":"Semnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/029gksw03","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I928334797"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman Abdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154083","https://openalex.org/I928334797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135854117","display_name":"Elizabeth F. Aliveto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108400","display_name":"Loudoun County Public Library","ror":"https://ror.org/01za4nr66","country_code":"US","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210108400"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth F. Aliveto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Special Education, Loudoun County Public Schools, Ashburn, VA 20148, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Education, Loudoun County Public Schools, Ashburn, VA 20148, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135837650","display_name":"Ann Beste-Guldborg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193198326","display_name":"Montana State University Billings","ror":"https://ror.org/01tj58m37","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193198326","https://openalex.org/I4210126032"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann Beste-Guldborg","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Education, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT 59101, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Education, Montana State University Billings, Billings, MT 59101, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193198326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135204279","display_name":"Agata B\u0142achnio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111702420","display_name":"John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyefj88","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111702420"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121044","display_name":"Institute of Psychology","ror":"https://ror.org/034dn0836","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121044","https://openalex.org/I99542240"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agata B\u0142achnio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111702420","https://openalex.org/I4210121044"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135888630","display_name":"Timothy Flynn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089489","display_name":"Health Services Research & Development","ror":"https://ror.org/0083hz885","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210089489"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["School Health Services, Arlington Public School, Arlington, VA 22204, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School Health Services, Arlington Public School, Arlington, VA 22204, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121103645","display_name":"Lejla Junuzovi\u0107-\u017duni\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140596196","display_name":"University of Tuzla","ror":"https://ror.org/036gzhj81","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140596196"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lejla Junuzovi\u0107-\u017duni\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-6335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation, University of Tuzla, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140596196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135162773","display_name":"Aneta Przepi\u00f3rka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111702420","display_name":"John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyefj88","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111702420"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aneta Przepi\u00f3rka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology of Emotion and Motivation, Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology of Emotion and Motivation, Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111702420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135218693","display_name":"Hossein Rezai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119939603","display_name":"Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01rws6r75","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119939603"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Rezai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 61357-15794, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119939603"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135852783","display_name":"Chelsea Roche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chelsea Roche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26504, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26504, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135879687","display_name":"Mohyeddin Teimouri Sangani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165560825","display_name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sfka033","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohyeddin Teimouri Sangani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation of Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778 99191, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech Therapy, School of Paramedical and Rehabilitation of Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91778 99191, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165560825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034472881","display_name":"Michael Azios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-6641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154083","display_name":"Semnan University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05y44as61","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154083"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I928334797","display_name":"Semnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/029gksw03","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I928334797"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Azios","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Research Institute of Neurosciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 35131-19111, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154083","https://openalex.org/I928334797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042299620","display_name":"Shin Ying Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-0477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shin Ying Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-0477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000962871","display_name":"Irena Polewczyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I864159182","display_name":"University of Silesia in Katowice","ror":"https://ror.org/0104rcc94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irena Polewczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pedagogy, Department of Social Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0764-0409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pedagogy, Department of Social Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035865854","display_name":"Cara M. Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1520-0606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8606887","display_name":"Grand Valley State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001m1hv61","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cara M. Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8606887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006852647","display_name":"John A. Tetnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-6116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A. Tetnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-6116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128100627","display_name":"Janet S. Tilstra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173963315","display_name":"St. Cloud State University","ror":"https://ror.org/016czhx14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173963315","https://openalex.org/I91221267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janet S. Tilstra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Saint Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0216-5442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Saint Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173963315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106194447","display_name":"Katarzyna W\u0119sierska","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I864159182","display_name":"University of Silesia in Katowice","ror":"https://ror.org/0104rcc94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katarzyna W\u0119sierska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research on Stuttering and Cluttering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6378-9350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research on Stuttering and Cluttering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":9,"institutions_distinct_count":28,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111594834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5936359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":0.904699981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":0.904699981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-intervention","display_name":"Psychological intervention","score":0.6557000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intervention","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-opinion","display_name":"Public opinion","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-change","display_name":"Attitude change","score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate","display_name":"Replicate","score":0.3871000111103058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.6557000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134698397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17946","display_name":"Public opinion","level":3,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549090830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818546","display_name":"Attitude change","level":2,"score":0.46470001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781162219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693","display_name":"Replicate","level":2,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100480397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7836899","display_name":"Treatment and control groups","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781371259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186676","display_name":"Stuttering","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14262774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880695","display_name":"Behavior change","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data11050111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11050111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/5/111/pdf?version=1778253423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:touroscholar.touro.edu:shs_pubs-1414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://touroscholar.touro.edu/shs_pubs/416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196437","display_name":"Touro Scholar (Touro College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200437953","host_organization_name":"Touro College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200437953"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The School of Health Sciences Publications and Research","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8077364f7bd94a8b8bc6ee8484cb3cf4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8077364f7bd94a8b8bc6ee8484cb3cf4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 11, Iss 5, p 111 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data11050111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11050111","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/5/111/pdf?version=1778253423","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319561","display_name":"MOFET Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/044356j33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160828994.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7160828994.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963588276","https://openalex.org/W1964796120","https://openalex.org/W1972163875","https://openalex.org/W1977649101","https://openalex.org/W1990495189","https://openalex.org/W1992623537","https://openalex.org/W2043786737","https://openalex.org/W2052518102","https://openalex.org/W2068245284","https://openalex.org/W2075096728","https://openalex.org/W2080727847","https://openalex.org/W2084678590","https://openalex.org/W2103096295","https://openalex.org/W2155188667","https://openalex.org/W2768363810","https://openalex.org/W2895888816","https://openalex.org/W2962110861","https://openalex.org/W2998408472","https://openalex.org/W3033032399","https://openalex.org/W3113273939","https://openalex.org/W4324134019","https://openalex.org/W4387037161","https://openalex.org/W4392462862","https://openalex.org/W4402332409","https://openalex.org/W4402528508","https://openalex.org/W4404513076","https://openalex.org/W4413364726","https://openalex.org/W4414300192","https://openalex.org/W7125917748","https://openalex.org/W7148240005"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Negative":[1],"public":[2],"attitudes":[3,39,120],"promote":[4],"undesirable":[5],"stereotypes":[6],"and":[7,34,40,90,95,107,111,133,154,184],"stigma":[8],"in":[9,68,72,116,122,128,191],"stutterers.":[10],"Method:":[11],"To":[12],"mitigate":[13],"negative":[14],"attitudes,":[15],"403":[16],"respondents":[17,45,74,82,135,168],"combined":[18,70],"from":[19,46],"16":[20],"international":[21],"samples":[22,71,143],"filled":[23],"out":[24],"the":[25,61,109,123,129,141,157],"Public":[26],"Opinion":[27],"Survey":[28],"of":[29,58],"Human":[30],"Attributes\u2013Stuttering":[31],"(POSHA\u2013S)":[32],"before":[33],"after":[35],"interventions":[36],"to":[37,43,53,60,97,103,145,151,172],"improve":[38],"were":[41,93,161,169],"compared":[42],"249":[44],"seven":[47],"control":[48,130,134],"groups.":[49],"Investigators":[50],"aimed":[51],"(a)":[52],"replicate":[54],"an":[55],"extreme":[56],"case":[57],"regression":[59],"mean":[62],"(i.e.,":[63],"\u201ccrossover\u201d":[64,137,180],"effect)":[65],"reported":[66],"earlier":[67,142],"larger":[69],"which":[73],"with":[75,79,83,87],"high":[76,88,110,164],"pre-scores":[77,85],"ended":[78],"low":[80,84,112,175],"post-scores,":[81,89],"finished":[86],"intermediate":[91],"scorers":[92],"unchanged;":[94],"(b)":[96],"identify":[98],"individual":[99],"POSHA\u2013S":[100],"items":[101,166],"related":[102],"overall":[104],"attitude":[105],"change":[106,153,159],"among":[108,156],"scorers.":[113],"Results:":[114],"As":[115],"previous":[117],"studies,":[118],"stuttering":[119],"improved":[121],"intervention":[124],"group":[125],"but":[126,138],"not":[127],"group.":[131],"Intervention":[132],"demonstrated":[136],"less":[139,170],"than":[140,174],"due":[144],"lower":[146],"pre\u2013post":[147,152],"correlations.":[148],"Item":[149],"contributions":[150],"differences":[155],"three":[158],"groups":[160],"inconsistent;":[162],"however,":[163],"agreement":[165,176],"by":[167],"likely":[171],"vary":[173],"items.":[177],"Conclusion:":[178],"The":[179],"effect":[181],"was":[182],"replicated,":[183],"future":[185],"research":[186],"should":[187],"explore":[188],"its":[189],"presence":[190],"other":[192],"measures":[193],"or":[194],"conditions.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-05-12T00:00:00"}