{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154393026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11040084","title":"Daily and Accumulated Training-to-Match Load Ratios in Professional Soccer: The Influence of Starting Status and Playing Position Across a Full Competitive Season","display_name":"Daily and Accumulated Training-to-Match Load Ratios in Professional Soccer: The Influence of Starting Status and Playing Position Across a Full Competitive Season","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154393026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11040084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data11040084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11040084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/4/84/pdf?version=1776162848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/4/84/pdf?version=1776162848","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119526533","display_name":"Alejandro Sierra-Casas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Sierra-Casas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034772596","display_name":"Daniel Castillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-6475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Castillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Valoraci\u00f3n del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad F\u00edsica y Salud y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-6475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Valoraci\u00f3n del Rendimiento Deportivo, Actividad F\u00edsica y Salud y Lesiones Deportivas (REDAFLED), Faculty of Education, University of Valladolid, 42004 Soria, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017788626","display_name":"Filipe Manuel Clemente","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-2842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137546","display_name":"Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport","ror":"https://ror.org/03rq9c547","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137546"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56243300","display_name":"Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3y8w73","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56243300"]}],"countries":["PL","PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Manuel Clemente","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Research Institute (i2A), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal","Department of Biomechanics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9813-2842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Research Institute (i2A), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomechanics, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gda\u0144sk, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137546"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 3045-601 Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56243300"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087954638","display_name":"Alejandro RODR\u00cdGUEZ-FERN\u00c1NDEZ","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8833935","display_name":"Universidad de Le\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/02tzt0b78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0893-7573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VALFIS Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Universidad de Le\u00f3n, 24071 Le\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087954638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8833935"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43065176,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"4","first_page":"84","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9053999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.9053999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.03579999879002571,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10442","display_name":"Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sprint","display_name":"Sprint","score":0.8129000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/match-play","display_name":"Match play","score":0.7336000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-sport","display_name":"Team sport","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football-players","display_name":"Football players","score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/football","display_name":"Football","score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-skating","display_name":"Speed skating","score":0.38609999418258667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776868573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46855","display_name":"Sprint","level":2,"score":0.8129000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018268128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187356","display_name":"Match play","level":2,"score":0.7336000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5432999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780082397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216048","display_name":"Team sport","level":3,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017797855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937857","display_name":"Football players","level":3,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.4212000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019090810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192431","display_name":"Speed skating","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3628999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019152653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186290","display_name":"Linear relationship","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.3260999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993400877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28083137","display_name":"Football team","level":3,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988626262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2796622","display_name":"Mean value","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/data11040084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11040084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/4/84/pdf?version=1776162848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3985e25afc5747f883b1bd1e9abbd711","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3985e25afc5747f883b1bd1e9abbd711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Data, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 84 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/data11040084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/data11040084","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/11/4/84/pdf?version=1776162848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210226510","display_name":"Data","issn_l":"2306-5729","issn":["2306-5729"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154393026.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7154393026.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858369547","https://openalex.org/W2046175636","https://openalex.org/W2078149889","https://openalex.org/W2079601619","https://openalex.org/W2160669151","https://openalex.org/W2172154974","https://openalex.org/W2274549164","https://openalex.org/W2345985090","https://openalex.org/W2465230276","https://openalex.org/W2552796904","https://openalex.org/W2564161685","https://openalex.org/W2610814033","https://openalex.org/W2715039351","https://openalex.org/W2735811510","https://openalex.org/W2751582902","https://openalex.org/W2884436963","https://openalex.org/W2892117048","https://openalex.org/W2908304785","https://openalex.org/W2970542220","https://openalex.org/W2990562334","https://openalex.org/W3033238671","https://openalex.org/W3152550516","https://openalex.org/W3190646775","https://openalex.org/W3195271767","https://openalex.org/W3211037294","https://openalex.org/W4200308815","https://openalex.org/W4206651290","https://openalex.org/W4238008073","https://openalex.org/W4280611695","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4320495221","https://openalex.org/W4327686634","https://openalex.org/W4328022697","https://openalex.org/W4367337018","https://openalex.org/W4376955642","https://openalex.org/W4387503957","https://openalex.org/W4395671044","https://openalex.org/W4406236201","https://openalex.org/W4408525837","https://openalex.org/W4411620223","https://openalex.org/W4413951877","https://openalex.org/W7117559285"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Monitoring":[1],"training":[2,29,81],"load":[3,18,86,100,288],"is":[4],"essential":[5],"in":[6,278],"elite":[7],"soccer":[8],"to":[9,27,32,42,123,217],"optimize":[10],"performance":[11],"and":[12,45,50,59,105,117,146,179,203,226,264],"reduce":[13],"injury":[14],"risk.":[15],"The":[16,36],"training-to-match":[17],"ratio":[19],"(TMr)":[20],"has":[21],"emerged":[22,209],"as":[23],"a":[24,53,68,74,131],"useful":[25],"metric":[26],"contextualize":[28],"demands":[30],"relative":[31,122,272],"competitive":[33,76,133],"match":[34,127,192],"exposure.":[35],"objective":[37],"of":[38,141],"this":[39],"study":[40],"was":[41],"compare":[43],"daily":[44],"accumulated":[46,188,249],"TMr":[47,119,198,251,257],"between":[48,262],"starters":[49,263],"non-starters":[51,195],"over":[52],"professional":[54,69],"season,":[55],"considering":[56],"microcycle":[57,118,144,250],"day":[58,159],"playing":[60,147],"position.":[61,148],"Methods:":[62],"Twenty":[63],"players":[64],"(Tier":[65],"3)":[66],"from":[67],"team":[70],"were":[71,108,120,234],"monitored":[72],"during":[73,130,210,281],"full":[75,132],"season":[77],"(30":[78],"microcycles;":[79],"144":[80],"sessions;":[82],"30":[83],"matches).":[84],"External":[85],"variables,":[87],"namely":[88],"total":[89],"distance":[90,93,96,101],"(TD),":[91],"high-speed":[92],"(HSD),":[94],"sprint":[95],"(SPD),":[97],"high":[98],"metabolic":[99],"(HMLD),":[102],"acceleration":[103],"(ACC)":[104],"deceleration":[106],"(DCC),":[107],"collected":[109],"using":[110],"10":[111],"Hz":[112],"GPS":[113],"devices":[114],"(STATSports).":[115],"Daily":[116],"calculated":[121],"each":[124],"player\u2019s":[125],"maximal":[126],"value":[128],"registered":[129],"period.":[134],"Linear":[135,150],"mixed-effects":[136],"models":[137,152],"examined":[138],"the":[139,284],"effects":[140],"starting":[142],"status,":[143],"day,":[145,193],"Results:":[149],"mixed":[151],"revealed":[153],"significant":[154,231],"three-way":[155,232],"interactions":[156,233],"(status":[157],"\u00d7":[158,160],"position)":[161],"for":[162,222,236,247,274,286],"locomotor":[163],"variables:":[164],"TD":[165],"(F":[166,173,181],"=":[167,174,182],"3.36,":[168],"p":[169,176,184],"<":[170,177,185],"0.001),":[171,178],"HSD":[172],"2.49,":[175],"SPD":[180],"3.37,":[183],"0.001).":[186],"Starters":[187],"higher":[189,197],"loads":[190,242,273],"on":[191,199],"whereas":[194],"showed":[196],"MD":[200,204,214,218],"+":[201,205],"1":[202],"2.":[206],"Position-specific":[207],"differences":[208],"acquisition":[211,282],"sessions":[212,269],"(i.e.,":[213],"\u2212":[215,219],"5":[216],"3),":[220],"particularly":[221],"wide":[223],"midfielders":[224],"(WMs)":[225],"central":[227],"defenders":[228],"(CDs).":[229],"No":[230],"observed":[235],"ACC,":[237],"DCC,":[238],"or":[239],"HMLD":[240],"absolute":[241],"(p":[243,253],">":[244,254],"0.05),":[245],"nor":[246],"any":[248],"metrics":[252],"0.05).":[255],"Conclusions:":[256],"effectively":[258],"differentiates":[259],"preparation":[260],"strategies":[261],"non-starters.":[265],"Although":[266],"\u201ctop-up":[267],"conditioning\u201d":[268],"increase":[270],"early-week":[271],"non-starters,":[275],"position-specific":[276],"variations\u2013particularly":[277],"mechanical":[279],"variables":[280],"sessions\u2013highlight":[283],"need":[285],"individualized":[287],"prescription.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-04-15T00:00:00"}