{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410307938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9020030","title":"General Extensions and Improvements of Algebraic Persistent Fault Analysis","display_name":"General Extensions and Improvements of Algebraic Persistent Fault Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410307938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9020030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography9020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/30/pdf?version=1746866968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/30/pdf?version=1746866968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067657997","display_name":"Hanbing Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanbing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China","School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042808269","display_name":"Kexin Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3624-9364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kexin Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462096","display_name":"Yejun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3213-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 208 Research Institute of China Ordnance Industries, Beijing 102202, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002662992","display_name":"Changhai Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2845-6232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhai Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419967","display_name":"An Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-1308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042808269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04746616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"30","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.629167377948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4882991313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.33048176765441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3291076123714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.19851642847061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07077866792678833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.629167377948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4882991313934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.33048176765441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3291076123714447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.19851642847061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07077866792678833}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography9020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/30/pdf?version=1746866968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f14ece147f5e4eae8af1eedb176c626a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f14ece147f5e4eae8af1eedb176c626a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 9, Iss 2, p 30 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography9020030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9020030","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/2/30/pdf?version=1746866968","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2802911279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Young","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3278913999","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4222035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5855465077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XSQD-202024003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","funder_display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7225593938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8062681941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323110","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410307938.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410307938.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W154022573","https://openalex.org/W1495447492","https://openalex.org/W1572300106","https://openalex.org/W1640632633","https://openalex.org/W1971944600","https://openalex.org/W1980129669","https://openalex.org/W2031989101","https://openalex.org/W2105761964","https://openalex.org/W2139958505","https://openalex.org/W2141124495","https://openalex.org/W2170489924","https://openalex.org/W2183849663","https://openalex.org/W2335478831","https://openalex.org/W2504919933","https://openalex.org/W2741840250","https://openalex.org/W2890486122","https://openalex.org/W2950641504","https://openalex.org/W3013309564","https://openalex.org/W3103728101","https://openalex.org/W3216570273","https://openalex.org/W4226379058","https://openalex.org/W4230984038","https://openalex.org/W4254435982","https://openalex.org/W4307134999","https://openalex.org/W4400573619","https://openalex.org/W4409253609","https://openalex.org/W6617964540","https://openalex.org/W6636213630","https://openalex.org/W6639565960","https://openalex.org/W6682894607","https://openalex.org/W6764598542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algebraic":[0],"persistent":[1,9],"fault":[2,10,35,81,138,201],"analysis":[3,7,84,139],"(APFA)":[4],"combines":[5],"algebraic":[6,169],"with":[8,171],"analysis,":[11],"providing":[12],"a":[13,69,106,157],"novel":[14],"approach":[15,94],"for":[16,73,182],"examining":[17],"block":[18,187],"cipher":[19],"implementation":[20,64],"security.":[21],"Since":[22],"its":[23],"introduction,":[24],"APFA":[25,31,102],"has":[26,32],"attracted":[27],"considerable":[28],"attention.":[29],"Traditionally,":[30],"assumed":[33],"that":[34,101],"injection":[36,82],"occurs":[37],"solely":[38],"within":[39],"the":[40,43,56,61,88,115,119,134,142,149,197,200,205],"S-box":[41,63,159],"during":[42,114],"encryption":[44],"process.":[45],"Yet,":[46],"algorithms":[47],"like":[48],"PRESENT":[49],"and":[50,83,185,207],"AES":[51],"also":[52],"utilize":[53],"S-boxes":[54],"in":[55],"key":[57,89,116,150],"scheduling":[58,90,117],"phase,":[59],"sharing":[60],"same":[62],"as":[65,196],"encryption.":[66],"This":[67],"presents":[68],"previously":[70],"unaddressed":[71],"challenge":[72],"APFA.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,130],"work,":[77],"we":[78,132,162],"extend":[79],"APFA\u2019s":[80],"capabilities":[85],"to":[86,104,111,153,165,178],"encompass":[87],"stage,":[91],"validating":[92],"our":[93,137,210],"on":[95],"PRESENT.":[96],"Our":[97],"experimental":[98],"findings":[99],"indicate":[100],"continues":[103],"be":[105],"viable":[107],"approach.":[108,211],"However,":[109],"due":[110],"faults":[112],"arising":[113],"process,":[118],"number":[120,143],"of":[121,136,144,180,199,209],"feasible":[122],"candidate":[123],"keys":[124],"does":[125],"not":[126],"converge.":[127],"To":[128],"address":[129],"challenge,":[131],"expanded":[133],"depth":[135,198],"without":[140],"increasing":[141],"faulty":[145],"ciphertexts,":[146],"effectively":[147],"narrowing":[148],"search":[151],"space":[152],"near-uniqueness.":[154],"By":[155],"employing":[156],"compact":[158],"modeling":[160],"approach,":[161],"were":[163],"able":[164],"construct":[166],"more":[167,194],"concise":[168],"equations":[170],"solving":[172],"efficiency":[173,190],"improvements":[174],"ranging":[175],"from":[176],"tens":[177],"hundreds":[179],"times":[181],"PRESENT,":[183],"SKINNY":[184],"CRAFT":[186],"ciphers.":[188],"The":[189],"gains":[191],"became":[192],"even":[193],"pronounced":[195],"leakage":[202],"increased,":[203],"demonstrating":[204],"robustness":[206],"scalability":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
