{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408613161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9010020","title":"BPAP: FPGA Design of a RISC-like Processor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Task-Level Parallel Programming in High-Level Synthesis","display_name":"BPAP: FPGA Design of a RISC-like Processor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography Using Task-Level Parallel Programming in High-Level Synthesis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408613161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9010020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography9010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/20/pdf?version=1742462595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/20/pdf?version=1742462595","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001073327","display_name":"Rares Ifrim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO","SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rares Ifrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102021475","display_name":"Decebal Popescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-5343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Decebal Popescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001073327"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596","https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.4289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90173537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"20","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9344000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9340999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7004533410072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5716129541397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.553581178188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.5489256978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5181683301925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-curve","display_name":"Learning curve","score":0.4963865876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.45162031054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42810332775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.30228930711746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.29635345935821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.16285964846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1584550440311432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1380900740623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.10574325919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0891573429107666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7004533410072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5716129541397095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.553581178188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5489256978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5181683301925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.4963865876197815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.45162031054496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42810332775115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.30228930711746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.29635345935821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.16285964846611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1584550440311432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1380900740623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.10574325919151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0891573429107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography9010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/20/pdf?version=1742462595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dbc4be15e6ca4a1eb8870763b07e383d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 20 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography9010020","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography9010020","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/9/1/20/pdf?version=1742462595","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408613161.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26087452","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2090416694","https://openalex.org/W2124527431","https://openalex.org/W2343695530","https://openalex.org/W2346976359","https://openalex.org/W2809370239","https://openalex.org/W2897729560","https://openalex.org/W2916778556","https://openalex.org/W3022755125","https://openalex.org/W3048109573","https://openalex.org/W3120717677","https://openalex.org/W3194918904","https://openalex.org/W3201507242","https://openalex.org/W3215526080","https://openalex.org/W4224265992","https://openalex.org/W4299660901","https://openalex.org/W4312684437","https://openalex.org/W4319157919","https://openalex.org/W4378213708","https://openalex.org/W4380841511","https://openalex.org/W4387037627","https://openalex.org/W4387789880","https://openalex.org/W4388022921","https://openalex.org/W6655045751","https://openalex.org/W7033773325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W2378381981","https://openalex.org/W2082487009","https://openalex.org/W2373535795","https://openalex.org/W4322486674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Popular":[0],"technologies":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3,18],"blockchain":[4],"and":[5,74,90,118,133,185,195],"zero-knowledge":[6],"proof,":[7],"which":[8,43],"have":[9],"already":[10],"entered":[11],"the":[12,19,27,39,45,82,91,109,135,138,149,170],"enterprise":[13],"space,":[14],"heavily":[15],"use":[16,52,83,148],"cryptography":[17],"core":[20],"of":[21,26,84,95,137,160,164],"their":[22],"protocol":[23],"stack.":[24],"One":[25],"most":[28],"used":[29,122],"systems":[30],"in":[31,98,123],"this":[32,53,56,78],"regard":[33],"is":[34,58,63],"Elliptic":[35],"Curve":[36],"Cryptography,":[37],"precisely":[38],"point":[40,103,139,156,171,189],"multiplication":[41,157],"operation,":[42],"provides":[44],"security":[46],"assumption":[47],"for":[48,108],"all":[49],"applications":[50],"that":[51,187],"system.":[54],"As":[55],"operation":[57],"computationally":[59],"intensive,":[60],"one":[61],"solution":[62],"to":[64,67,70,129,146,168],"offload":[65],"it":[66],"specialized":[68],"accelerators":[69],"provide":[71,130],"better":[72,193],"throughput":[73,136,194],"increased":[75],"efficiency.":[76],"In":[77],"paper,":[79],"we":[80,176],"explore":[81],"Field":[85],"Programmable":[86],"Gate":[87],"Arrays":[88],"(FPGAs)":[89],"High-Level":[92],"Synthesis":[93],"framework":[94],"AMD":[96],"Vitis":[97],"designing":[99,124,154],"an":[100,181],"elliptic":[101,165],"curve":[102,166],"arithmetic":[104,190],"unit":[105,173],"(point":[106],"adder)":[107],"secp256k1":[110],"curve.":[111],"We":[112,142],"show":[113,144,186],"how":[114,145],"task-level":[115],"parallel":[116],"programming":[117],"data":[119],"streaming":[120],"are":[121],"a":[125,155],"RISC":[126],"processor-like":[127],"architecture":[128,152],"pipeline":[131],"parallelism":[132],"increase":[134],"adder":[140,172],"unit.":[141],"also":[143],"efficiently":[147],"proposed":[150],"processor":[151,191],"by":[153],"scheduler":[158],"capable":[159],"scheduling":[161],"multiple":[162],"batches":[163],"points":[167],"utilize":[169],"efficiently.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"evaluate":[177],"our":[178,188],"design":[179],"on":[180],"AMD-Xilinx":[182],"Alveo-family":[183],"FPGA":[184],"has":[192],"frequency":[196],"than":[197],"related":[198],"work.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}