{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399885449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8030027","title":"The Emerging Challenges of Wearable Biometric Cryptosystems","display_name":"The Emerging Challenges of Wearable Biometric Cryptosystems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399885449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8030027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography8030027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8030027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/3/27/pdf?version=1718962205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/3/27/pdf?version=1718962205","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099339723","display_name":"Khalid Al Ajlan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Al Ajlan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Academy of Police, Ministry of Interior, Manama 33305, Bahrain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Academy of Police, Ministry of Interior, Manama 33305, Bahrain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056275212","display_name":"Tariq Alsboui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6004-3756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Alsboui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060560709","display_name":"Omar Alshaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-8933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Alshaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1350-8933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113254521","display_name":"Isa Inuwa-Dute","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isa Inuwa-Dute","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053811883","display_name":"Saad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-8200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037686924","display_name":"Simon Parkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Parkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099339723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":1.9698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86763147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"27","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12029","display_name":"DNA and Biological Computing","score":0.9239000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7980988621711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5721147060394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5600867867469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.5581181645393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5336860418319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4835752844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.29538494348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23820286989212036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7980988621711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5721147060394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5600867867469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.5581181645393372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5336860418319702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4835752844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.29538494348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23820286989212036}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography8030027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8030027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/3/27/pdf?version=1718962205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/5cb227f3-1865-4ecf-b3d8-f05972e84f00","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/5cb227f3-1865-4ecf-b3d8-f05972e84f00","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alajlan, K, Alsboui, T, Alshaikh, O, Inuwa-Dutse, I, Khan, S & Parkinson, S 2024, 'The Emerging Challenges of Wearable Biometric Cryptosystems', Cryptography, vol. 8, no. 3, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8030027","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:666e3f4ad947401d9053da5ad6d4f6f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/666e3f4ad947401d9053da5ad6d4f6f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 8, Iss 3, p 27 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography8030027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography8030027","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/8/3/27/pdf?version=1718962205","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399885449.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1620837667","https://openalex.org/W1904042703","https://openalex.org/W2114024372","https://openalex.org/W2120645859","https://openalex.org/W2156309524","https://openalex.org/W2282018707","https://openalex.org/W2307206303","https://openalex.org/W2337625268","https://openalex.org/W2511505938","https://openalex.org/W2512831096","https://openalex.org/W2514941450","https://openalex.org/W2522146934","https://openalex.org/W2532434580","https://openalex.org/W2547998279","https://openalex.org/W2558883312","https://openalex.org/W2578517905","https://openalex.org/W2591635389","https://openalex.org/W2598388619","https://openalex.org/W2609696255","https://openalex.org/W2617021199","https://openalex.org/W2617364904","https://openalex.org/W2735931630","https://openalex.org/W2738639466","https://openalex.org/W2759348143","https://openalex.org/W2766114832","https://openalex.org/W2766983456","https://openalex.org/W2770520015","https://openalex.org/W2775775594","https://openalex.org/W2789436223","https://openalex.org/W2797061780","https://openalex.org/W2797606740","https://openalex.org/W2811354563","https://openalex.org/W2890042125","https://openalex.org/W2900703231","https://openalex.org/W2901602009","https://openalex.org/W2902696888","https://openalex.org/W2908395502","https://openalex.org/W2911789037","https://openalex.org/W2913849000","https://openalex.org/W2916886902","https://openalex.org/W2919099218","https://openalex.org/W2939763353","https://openalex.org/W2941124975","https://openalex.org/W2944454002","https://openalex.org/W2951043353","https://openalex.org/W2961489192","https://openalex.org/W2971612532","https://openalex.org/W2972205077","https://openalex.org/W2980104247","https://openalex.org/W2981394497","https://openalex.org/W2981455952","https://openalex.org/W2992375504","https://openalex.org/W2996215667","https://openalex.org/W2997258927","https://openalex.org/W2997698627","https://openalex.org/W2999944054","https://openalex.org/W3005801176","https://openalex.org/W3009638264","https://openalex.org/W3010068308","https://openalex.org/W3017932443","https://openalex.org/W3020037975","https://openalex.org/W3030403065","https://openalex.org/W3033525260","https://openalex.org/W3035620706","https://openalex.org/W3045909547","https://openalex.org/W3046034207","https://openalex.org/W3083181312","https://openalex.org/W3083325306","https://openalex.org/W3083594560","https://openalex.org/W3092217107","https://openalex.org/W3092922850","https://openalex.org/W3093095469","https://openalex.org/W3094734549","https://openalex.org/W3097087387","https://openalex.org/W3113225237","https://openalex.org/W3113865607","https://openalex.org/W3126362021","https://openalex.org/W3129376599","https://openalex.org/W3135666445","https://openalex.org/W3135996681","https://openalex.org/W3136099980","https://openalex.org/W3137354534","https://openalex.org/W3156316447","https://openalex.org/W3163568251","https://openalex.org/W3166275255","https://openalex.org/W3168928932","https://openalex.org/W3181603331","https://openalex.org/W3189419149","https://openalex.org/W3199597982","https://openalex.org/W3201550447","https://openalex.org/W3208191370","https://openalex.org/W3215333185","https://openalex.org/W4206255145","https://openalex.org/W4212928800","https://openalex.org/W4213292645","https://openalex.org/W4224080291","https://openalex.org/W4238862387","https://openalex.org/W4254402755","https://openalex.org/W4283588336","https://openalex.org/W4285226733","https://openalex.org/W4293236827","https://openalex.org/W4296435350","https://openalex.org/W4298143694","https://openalex.org/W4310276551","https://openalex.org/W4312759878","https://openalex.org/W4313213431","https://openalex.org/W4313473406","https://openalex.org/W4317727071","https://openalex.org/W4323349641","https://openalex.org/W4362544986","https://openalex.org/W4362636447","https://openalex.org/W4372347949","https://openalex.org/W4378084872","https://openalex.org/W4379470788","https://openalex.org/W4379518973","https://openalex.org/W4382073806","https://openalex.org/W4384563661","https://openalex.org/W4384787424","https://openalex.org/W4385901332","https://openalex.org/W4386379714","https://openalex.org/W4386947779","https://openalex.org/W4389763511","https://openalex.org/W4389897623","https://openalex.org/W4389950700","https://openalex.org/W4390311802","https://openalex.org/W4390638453","https://openalex.org/W4390877335","https://openalex.org/W4391051921","https://openalex.org/W4392241356","https://openalex.org/W4392916627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W4300552992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cryptographic":[0],"key":[1],"generation":[2],"and":[3,6,22,31,52,84,91,100,105],"data":[4],"encryption":[5],"decryption":[7],"using":[8,56],"wearable":[9],"biometric":[10,57],"technologies":[11],"is":[12,28,39],"an":[13],"emerging":[14,43],"research":[15,26,46,55,82],"area":[16,27],"with":[17],"significant":[18],"potential":[19],"for":[20,103],"authentication":[21,104],"communication":[23,107],"security.":[24],"The":[25,72],"rapidly":[29],"developing,":[30],"a":[32],"comprehensive":[33],"review":[34],"of":[35,78,98],"recently":[36],"published":[37],"literature":[38],"necessary":[40],"to":[41,49,69],"establish":[42],"challenges.":[44],"This":[45],"article":[47],"aims":[48],"critically":[50],"investigate":[51],"synthesize":[53],"current":[54],"cryptosystems":[58],"that":[59,93],"use":[60],"behavior":[61],"or":[62],"medico-chemical":[63],"characteristics,":[64],"ranging":[65],"from":[66],"gate":[67],"analysis":[68],"gaze":[70],"tracking.":[71],"study":[73],"will":[74],"summarize":[75],"the":[76,96],"state":[77],"knowledge,":[79],"identify":[80],"critical":[81],"gaps,":[83],"provide":[85],"insight":[86],"into":[87],"promising":[88],"future":[89],"implications":[90],"applications":[92],"can":[94],"enable":[95],"realization":[97],"user-specific":[99],"resilient":[101],"solutions":[102],"secure":[106],"demands.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}