{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387614265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7040050","title":"XOR Chain and Perfect Secrecy at the Dawn of the Quantum Era","display_name":"XOR Chain and Perfect Secrecy at the Dawn of the Quantum Era","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387614265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7040050"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography7040050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7040050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/7/4/50/pdf?version=1697190554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/7/4/50/pdf?version=1697190554","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076974112","display_name":"Luis Adri\u00e1n Lizama-P\u00e9rez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-2927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75778554","display_name":"Federico Santa Mar\u00eda Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/05510vn56","country_code":"CL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}],"countries":["CL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luis Adri\u00e1n Lizama-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 3939, San Joaqu\u00edn, Santiago 8940897, Chile"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Federico Santa Mar\u00eda, Av. Vicu\u00f1a Mackenna 3939, San Joaqu\u00edn, Santiago 8940897, Chile","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076974112"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75778554"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12863824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"50","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7356538772583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.667843222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.6665266752243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6567064523696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.5742282867431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theoretic-security","display_name":"Information-theoretic security","score":0.5395500063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5143173933029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-logarithm","display_name":"Discrete logarithm","score":0.49349844455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.41492941975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.32881078124046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3011570870876312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.18962189555168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09230205416679382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7356538772583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.667843222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.6665266752243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6567064523696899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.5742282867431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47191418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510462","display_name":"Information-theoretic security","level":3,"score":0.5395500063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5143173933029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173259116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864003","display_name":"Discrete logarithm","level":4,"score":0.49349844455718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.41492941975593567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.32881078124046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3011570870876312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.18962189555168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09230205416679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography7040050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7040050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/7/4/50/pdf?version=1697190554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b7a6a2ee9fc452197d5bd2379cc8ea9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b7a6a2ee9fc452197d5bd2379cc8ea9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 7, Iss 4, p 50 (2023)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2410-387X/7/4/50/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7040050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography7040050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryptography7040050","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/7/4/50/pdf?version=1697190554","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387614265.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513904472","https://openalex.org/W2000384583","https://openalex.org/W2053111047","https://openalex.org/W2070281126","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2120706888","https://openalex.org/W2142048307","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2340115191","https://openalex.org/W2780660191","https://openalex.org/W2798711290","https://openalex.org/W2895182117","https://openalex.org/W2983174643","https://openalex.org/W2996426708","https://openalex.org/W3000833961","https://openalex.org/W3004054987","https://openalex.org/W3025381128","https://openalex.org/W3102315948","https://openalex.org/W3136110512","https://openalex.org/W3157028027","https://openalex.org/W3157960792","https://openalex.org/W3172550433","https://openalex.org/W3179292749","https://openalex.org/W3194524949","https://openalex.org/W3215740720","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4226075590","https://openalex.org/W4232692277","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4233985122","https://openalex.org/W4247903245","https://openalex.org/W4254706618","https://openalex.org/W4312438667","https://openalex.org/W6636970380","https://openalex.org/W6797158879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W27999159","https://openalex.org/W1999127230","https://openalex.org/W18328579","https://openalex.org/W2018555057","https://openalex.org/W2154571469","https://openalex.org/W1604946673","https://openalex.org/W2367896838","https://openalex.org/W98134122","https://openalex.org/W1920640373","https://openalex.org/W4300791789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,15],"article,":[2],"we":[3,17,51,98],"present":[4,87],"a":[5,53,71,104],"new":[6,54],"method":[7,102],"that":[8,60,84,100],"achieves":[9],"Shannon\u2019s":[10],"perfect":[11,38],"secrecy.":[12],"To":[13],"achieve":[14],"property,":[16],"will":[18],"introduce":[19],"the":[20,42,57,78,82,108,120,127,133],"triple":[21],"XOR":[22],"cancellation":[23],"rule.":[24],"The":[25],"approach":[26],"has":[27],"two":[28],"execution":[29],"modes:":[30],"digital":[31],"signature":[32],"and":[33,132],"data":[34],"encryption.":[35],"We":[36,111],"provide":[37],"secrecy":[39],"proof":[40,64],"of":[41,65,122,129],"encryption":[43],"method.":[44],"Furthermore,":[45],"based":[46,91],"on":[47,92],"our":[48,101,113],"fundamental":[49],"algorithm,":[50],"developed":[52],"strategy":[55],"for":[56,74,88,119],"blockchain":[58],"system":[59],"does":[61],"not":[62],"require":[63],"work":[66,114],"(PoW).":[67],"However,":[68],"it":[69],"is":[70],"practical":[72],"mechanism":[73],"connecting":[75],"blocks":[76],"to":[77,81,115],"chain.":[79],"Due":[80],"risk":[83],"quantum":[85,109],"computers":[86],"current":[89],"cryptosystems":[90],"prime":[93],"factorization":[94],"or":[95],"discrete":[96],"logarithm,":[97],"postulate":[99],"represents":[103],"promising":[105],"alternative":[106],"in":[107],"era.":[110],"expect":[112],"have":[116],"profound":[117],"implications":[118],"security":[121],"communications":[123],"between":[124],"mobile":[125],"devices,":[126],"Internet":[128],"Things":[130],"(IoT),":[131],"blockchain.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-28T09:26:25.869077","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}