{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4306403504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6040052","title":"ICRP: Internet-Friendly Cryptographic Relay-Detection Protocol","display_name":"ICRP: Internet-Friendly Cryptographic Relay-Detection Protocol","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4306403504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6040052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6040052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6040052","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/4/52/pdf?version=1666781616","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/4/52/pdf?version=1666781616","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078266311","display_name":"Ghada Arfaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5698-8888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada Arfaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Labs, 4 Rue du Clos Courtel, 35510 Cesson-S\u00e9vign\u00e9, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs, 4 Rue du Clos Courtel, 35510 Cesson-S\u00e9vign\u00e9, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075565293","display_name":"Gildas Avoine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9743-1779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28221208","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04xaa4j22","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gildas Avoine","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA Rennes, Univiversity Rennes, IRISA, CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Rennes, Univiversity Rennes, IRISA, CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087619044","display_name":"Olivier Gim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7001-5142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28221208","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/04xaa4j22","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28221208"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Gimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSA Rennes, Univiversity Rennes, IRISA, CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France","Orange Labs, 42 Rue des Coutures, 14000 Caen, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSA Rennes, Univiversity Rennes, IRISA, CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs, 42 Rue des Coutures, 14000 Caen, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111921342","display_name":"Jacques Traor\u00e9","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Traor\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Labs, 42 Rue des Coutures, 14000 Caen, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs, 42 Rue des Coutures, 14000 Caen, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087619044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I19370010","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.1312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53303761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"52","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8292296528816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6950019598007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5439193248748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5407983660697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5374261736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5245193243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5242533683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.46219757199287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4610762596130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4527762234210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.45021089911460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11039066314697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10290613770484924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8292296528816223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6950019598007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5439193248748779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5407983660697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5374261736869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5245193243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5242533683776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.46219757199287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4610762596130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4527762234210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45021089911460876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11039066314697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10290613770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6040052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6040052","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/4/52/pdf?version=1666781616","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d68f03573983444c9d4254e76af0baf9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d68f03573983444c9d4254e76af0baf9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 52 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6040052","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6040052","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/4/52/pdf?version=1666781616","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4306403504.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66821545","https://openalex.org/W1198482936","https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1995738438","https://openalex.org/W2003590000","https://openalex.org/W2012253736","https://openalex.org/W2065537623","https://openalex.org/W2112648260","https://openalex.org/W2136680211","https://openalex.org/W2137726184","https://openalex.org/W2155952763","https://openalex.org/W2611050176","https://openalex.org/W2613836390","https://openalex.org/W2743364770","https://openalex.org/W2763238401","https://openalex.org/W2799815137","https://openalex.org/W2895447227","https://openalex.org/W4206717394","https://openalex.org/W4238177034","https://openalex.org/W6637449873","https://openalex.org/W6640380507","https://openalex.org/W6676970763","https://openalex.org/W6679132701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2111238207","https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W4361205702","https://openalex.org/W2385965183","https://openalex.org/W4289281780","https://openalex.org/W2078379271","https://openalex.org/W2043460294","https://openalex.org/W4210712718","https://openalex.org/W1905398909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"hijacking":[1,96],"over":[2,10,97],"the":[3,11,69,84,98,117,154,201],"Internet":[4],"has":[5],"become":[6],"a":[7,46,52,78,89,104,112],"frequent":[8],"incident":[9],"last":[12],"two":[13,167],"decades.":[14],"From":[15],"minor":[16],"inconveniences":[17],"for":[18,93,175,188],"casual":[19],"users":[20,176],"to":[21,38,76,122,144,163],"massive":[22],"leaks":[23],"of":[24,71,83,120,156,181,200,217],"governmental":[25],"data,":[26],"these":[27],"events":[28],"cover":[29],"an":[30,125],"unprecedently":[31],"large":[32],"spectrum.":[33],"Many":[34],"hijackings":[35],"are":[36,186],"presumed":[37],"be":[39,164],"caused":[40],"by":[41,133],"unfortunate":[42],"routing":[43,192],"mistakes,":[44],"but":[45],"well-organized":[47],"attacker":[48],"could":[49],"set":[50],"up":[51],"long-term":[53],"stealthy":[54],"relay,":[55],"accessing":[56],"critical":[57],"traffic":[58,95],"metadata,":[59],"despite":[60],"suitable":[61],"encryption":[62],"schemes.":[63],"While":[64],"many":[65],"studies":[66],"focus":[67],"on":[68,103,136,209],"mitigation":[70],"known":[72],"attacks,":[73],"we":[74,159],"choose":[75],"design":[77],"complete":[79],"detection":[80],"method":[81],"regardless":[82],"attacker\u2019s":[85],"strategy.":[86],"We":[87],"propose":[88],"two-party":[90],"cryptographic":[91,168],"protocol":[92,162,193],"detecting":[94],"Internet.":[99],"Our":[100,129],"proposal":[101],"relies":[102],"distance-bounding":[105],"mechanism":[106],"that":[107,196],"performs":[108],"interactive":[109],"authentication":[110],"with":[111],"\u201cChallenge\u2013Response\u201d":[113],"exchange,":[114],"and":[115,149,177,212],"measures":[116],"round-trip":[118],"time":[119,138],"packets":[121],"decide":[123],"whether":[124],"attack":[126],"is":[127,131,220],"ongoing.":[128],"construction":[130],"supported":[132],"worldwide":[134],"experiments":[135],"communication":[137],"between":[139],"multiple":[140],"nodes,":[141,191],"allowing":[142],"us":[143],"both":[145],"demonstrate":[146,160],"its":[147,151],"applicability":[148],"evaluate":[150],"performance.":[152],"Over":[153],"course":[155],"this":[157],"paper,":[158],"our":[161,210],"efficient\u2014itrequires":[165],"only":[166,221],"operations":[169],"per":[170],"execution":[171],"inducing":[172],"negligible":[173],"workload":[174],"very":[178],"few":[179],"loss":[180],"throughput,":[182],"scalable\u2014no":[183],"software":[184],"updates":[185],"required":[187],"intermediate":[189],"network":[190,213],"independent\u2014this":[194],"means":[195],"any":[197],"future":[198],"update":[199],"route":[202],"selection":[203],"process":[204],"will":[205],"not":[206],"induce":[207],"changes":[208],"scheme,":[211],"friendly\u2014the":[214],"added":[215],"volume":[216],"transiting":[218],"data":[219],"about":[222],"1.5%.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
