{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4295969326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6030041","title":"Symmetric Cryptography on RISC-V: Performance Evaluation of Standardized Algorithms","display_name":"Symmetric Cryptography on RISC-V: Performance Evaluation of Standardized Algorithms","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4295969326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6030041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6030041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6030041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/3/41/pdf?version=1662686708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/3/41/pdf?version=1662686708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091561805","display_name":"G\u00f6rkem Ni\u015fanc\u0131","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f6rkem Ni\u015fanc\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Chandler, AZ 85226, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Chandler, AZ 85226, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052591090","display_name":"Paul G. Flikkema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203172682","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul G. Flikkema","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111532913","display_name":"Tolga Yal\u00e7\u0131n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolga Yal\u00e7\u0131n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC, San Diego, CA 92121, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091561805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":1.1603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81252185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"41","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.844516396522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.7451637387275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6846508383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.6447226405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.5833531022071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4955061674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.45363032817840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44641223549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4311659336090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.42290958762168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-key-algorithm","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","score":0.41612663865089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3881402611732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.3802855312824249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36988282203674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3653087615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32129403948783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20868337154388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.20126721262931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1521015763282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.844516396522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.7451637387275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6846508383750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.6447226405143738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.5833531022071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4955061674118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45363032817840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44641223549842834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4311659336090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.42290958762168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.41612663865089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3881402611732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.3802855312824249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36988282203674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3653087615966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32129403948783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20868337154388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.20126721262931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1521015763282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6030041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6030041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/3/41/pdf?version=1662686708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0fa78d730e254d4ca4b8d4eafb97e021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0fa78d730e254d4ca4b8d4eafb97e021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 6, Iss 3, p 41 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6030041","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6030041","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/3/41/pdf?version=1662686708","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4328892055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-19-2-0503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4295969326.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565942289","https://openalex.org/W1833448484","https://openalex.org/W2032569461","https://openalex.org/W2246315406","https://openalex.org/W2490813647","https://openalex.org/W2493587259","https://openalex.org/W2499464388","https://openalex.org/W2979218206","https://openalex.org/W3021991761","https://openalex.org/W3082370627","https://openalex.org/W3090818058","https://openalex.org/W3184362354","https://openalex.org/W3196094441","https://openalex.org/W4241650197","https://openalex.org/W4285281503","https://openalex.org/W6648854349","https://openalex.org/W6713591569","https://openalex.org/W6783522371","https://openalex.org/W7018817413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2904818008","https://openalex.org/W2904314268","https://openalex.org/W57958781","https://openalex.org/W1554274402","https://openalex.org/W2538644970","https://openalex.org/W2361781577","https://openalex.org/W4376881175","https://openalex.org/W1488313539","https://openalex.org/W4310584696","https://openalex.org/W1971522943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74],"ever-increasing":[1],"need":[2,53],"for":[3,94,178],"securing":[4],"computing":[5],"systems":[6],"using":[7,28,43,109,115],"cryptographic":[8,69,92,116,146],"algorithms":[9,22,70,93,108],"is":[10,33,51,80,192],"spurring":[11],"interest":[12],"in":[13,26,71,101,122],"the":[14,21,56,83,86,95,107,110,153,159,181,196,200],"efficient":[15],"implementation":[16,197],"of":[17,60,77,85,90,106,144,180,199],"common":[18],"algorithms.":[19,147,183,201],"While":[20],"can":[23],"be":[24],"implemented":[25],"software":[27,61,104],"base":[29],"instruction":[30,97,112,155,191],"sets,":[31],"there":[32,50],"considerable":[34],"potential":[35],"to":[36,54,81,149,166,173,194],"reduce":[37],"memory":[38,177],"cost":[39,89],"and":[40,46,58,63,88,114,138,171],"improve":[41,82],"speed":[42,170],"specialized":[44],"instructions":[45,65,117],"associated":[47],"hardware.":[48],"However,":[49],"a":[52,131,164,189],"assess":[55],"benefits":[57],"costs":[59],"implementations":[62,105,143,150,157],"new":[64,190],"that":[66],"implement":[67],"key":[68],"fewer":[72],"cycles.":[73],"primary":[75],"aim":[76],"this":[78],"paper":[79],"understanding":[84],"performance":[87,187],"implementing":[91],"RISC-V":[96,132,140],"set":[98,113,161],"architecture":[99],"(ISA)":[100],"two":[102],"cases:":[103],"rv32i":[111,154],"supported":[118],"by":[119],"dedicated":[120],"hardware":[121,136],"additional":[123],"functional":[124],"units.":[125],"For":[126],"both":[127],"cases,":[128],"we":[129],"describe":[130],"processor":[133],"with":[134,151,158],"cryptography":[135,160],"extensions":[137],"hand-optimized":[139],"assembly":[141],"language":[142],"eleven":[145,182],"Compared":[148],"only":[152],"set,":[156],"extension":[162],"provide":[163],"1.5\u00d7":[165],"8.6\u00d7":[167],"faster":[168],"execution":[169],"1.2\u00d7":[172],"5.8\u00d7":[174],"less":[175],"program":[176],"five":[179],"Based":[184],"on":[185],"our":[186],"analyses,":[188],"proposed":[193],"increase":[195],"efficiency":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
