{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229451091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020025","title":"Low-Cost Area-Efficient FPGA-Based Multi-Functional ECDSA/EdDSA","display_name":"Low-Cost Area-Efficient FPGA-Based Multi-Functional ECDSA/EdDSA","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229451091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6020025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/2/25/pdf?version=1652940042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/2/25/pdf?version=1652940042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052625146","display_name":"Binh Kieu-Do-Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7240-7203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Binh Kieu-Do-Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074161542","display_name":"Cuong Pham\u2010Quoc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-1244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47265099","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qva2324","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuong Pham-Quoc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740050, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740050, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024611361","display_name":"Tran Ngoc Thinh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3899-7566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47265099","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04qva2324","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123565023","https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngoc-Thinh Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740050, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City 740050, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47265099"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042912660","display_name":"Cong\u2010Kha Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-4919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong-Kha Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025387024","display_name":"Trong-Thuc Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trong-Thuc Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052625146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":4.7785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95275322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"25","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-digital-signature-algorithm","display_name":"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm","score":0.9090099930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7693047523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve-cryptography","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","score":0.7021878957748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.5774378776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5316862463951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.521649181842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-size","display_name":"Key size","score":0.4561935365200043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44474518299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.40703922510147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32029640674591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22284051775932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21586963534355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.19955679774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1648663580417633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197966572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915079","display_name":"Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm","level":5,"score":0.9090099930763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7693047523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167615521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048911","display_name":"Elliptic curve cryptography","level":4,"score":0.7021878957748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.5774378776550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5316862463951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.521649181842804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47750902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557574","display_name":"Key size","level":4,"score":0.4561935365200043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44474518299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.40703922510147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32029640674591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22284051775932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21586963534355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.19955679774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1648663580417633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6020025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/2/25/pdf?version=1652940042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfba2e32c8e44dea9cff4efdd4e995d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfba2e32c8e44dea9cff4efdd4e995d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 6, Iss 2, p 25 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography6020025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography6020025","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/6/2/25/pdf?version=1652940042","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2280667928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPNP16007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321034","funder_display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321034","display_name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/0055k7a87"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229451091.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4229451091.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179459262","https://openalex.org/W1633979435","https://openalex.org/W1967984273","https://openalex.org/W2115148615","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2273578158","https://openalex.org/W2294895936","https://openalex.org/W2507130841","https://openalex.org/W2544689054","https://openalex.org/W2606525468","https://openalex.org/W2608655213","https://openalex.org/W2626155695","https://openalex.org/W2773952077","https://openalex.org/W2901716561","https://openalex.org/W2926472889","https://openalex.org/W2947252660","https://openalex.org/W2996409367","https://openalex.org/W3164170653","https://openalex.org/W4245530642","https://openalex.org/W6659538133","https://openalex.org/W6696997057","https://openalex.org/W6756763864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782833818","https://openalex.org/W2130871907","https://openalex.org/W4319302742","https://openalex.org/W2360623194","https://openalex.org/W2037734447","https://openalex.org/W1565266559","https://openalex.org/W3191743943","https://openalex.org/W4226182343","https://openalex.org/W2186564849","https://openalex.org/W3213981908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"cryptography,":[1],"elliptic":[2,86],"curve":[3,87],"cryptography":[4],"(ECC)":[5],"is":[6,122],"considered":[7],"an":[8,21],"efficient":[9],"and":[10,38,57,92,121],"secure":[11],"method":[12],"to":[13,75,140],"implement":[14],"digital":[15,88,94,126],"signature":[16,89,95],"algorithms":[17,106],"(DSAs).":[18],"ECC":[19,47,55],"plays":[20],"essential":[22],"role":[23],"in":[24,107,151],"many":[25,59],"security":[26,32,36],"applications,":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29],"transport":[30],"layer":[31],"(TLS),":[33],"internet":[34],"protocol":[35],"(IPsec),":[37],"wireless":[39],"sensor":[40],"networks":[41],"(WSNs).":[42],"The":[43,100,111,130],"proposed":[44,135],"designs":[45],"of":[46,79],"hardware":[48,98],"implementation":[49],"only":[50,148],"focus":[51],"on":[52,125],"a":[53,84,108],"single":[54,109],"variant":[56],"use":[58],"resources.":[60],"These":[61],"proposals":[62],"cannot":[63],"be":[64],"used":[65],"for":[66,70],"resource-constrained":[67],"applications":[68],"or":[69],"the":[71,117,134],"devices":[72,145],"that":[73,133],"need":[74],"provide":[76],"multiple":[77,104],"levels":[78],"security.":[80],"This":[81],"work":[82],"provides":[83],"multi-functional":[85],"algorithm":[90,96],"(ECDSA)":[91],"Edwards-curve":[93],"(EdDSA)":[97],"implementation.":[99],"core":[101,136],"can":[102],"run":[103,138],"ECDSA/EdDSA":[105],"design.":[110],"design":[112],"consumes":[113],"fewer":[114],"resources":[115],"than":[116],"other":[118],"single-functional":[119],"design,":[120],"not":[123],"based":[124],"signal":[127],"processors":[128],"(DSP).":[129],"experiments":[131],"show":[132],"could":[137],"up":[139],"112.2":[141],"megahertz":[142],"with":[143],"Virtex-7":[144],"while":[146],"consuming":[147],"10,259":[149],"slices":[150],"total.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T09:10:02.777135","created_date":"2022-05-11T00:00:00"}
