{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160994391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10030032","title":"Relaxation of Strict Avalanche Criterion on All SHA-256 Sub-Function Combinations","display_name":"Relaxation of Strict Avalanche Criterion on All SHA-256 Sub-Function Combinations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160994391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10030032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10030032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10030032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10030032","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107085757","display_name":"Riley Vaughn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riley Vaughn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8676-4524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086398848","display_name":"Mike Borowczak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-8245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Borowczak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9409-8245","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59364157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"32","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9776999950408936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bonferroni-correction","display_name":"Bonferroni correction","score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.3246999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127808970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q385989","display_name":"Bonferroni correction","level":2,"score":0.531499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3677000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10030032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10030032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e38410046cb942578efa3284f2bafa00","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e38410046cb942578efa3284f2bafa00","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 32 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10030032","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10030032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965888001","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2121078396","https://openalex.org/W4249875616","https://openalex.org/W4402370096"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"cryptographic":[1],"hash":[2],"function":[3],"should":[4],"dissipate":[5],"patterns,":[6],"such":[7],"that":[8],"highly":[9],"related":[10],"inputs":[11],"are":[12,67,129],"transformed":[13],"into":[14],"unrelated":[15],"outputs.":[16],"This":[17],"property,":[18],"known":[19],"as":[20,79,99],"diffusion,":[21],"has":[22],"been":[23,50],"effectively":[24],"measured":[25],"on":[26],"SHA-256":[27,43,65],"via":[28],"the":[29,35,55,63,72,85,90,113,137],"Strict":[30],"Avalanche":[31],"Criterion":[32],"(SAC)":[33],"throughout":[34,71,140],"64":[36,73],"rounds":[37,74],"of":[38,42,62,75,106,115],"compression.":[39,76],"Additionally,":[40],"variants":[41,116],"with":[44,89,112,117],"individual":[45],"sub-functions":[46,66,121],"removed":[47],"have":[48],"previously":[49],"tested.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"study,":[54],"previous":[56,102],"work":[57],"is":[58,87,110],"expanded;":[59],"all":[60,141],"combinations":[61],"seven":[64],"tested":[68],"for":[69],"SAC,":[70],"The":[77,104,120],"threshold":[78,98],"to":[80,101,131,134],"whether":[81],"a":[82,96],"variant":[83,109],"passes":[84],"SAC":[86,105,114,135],"calculated":[88],"Bonferroni":[91],"Method,":[92],"which":[93],"results":[94],"in":[95],"relaxed":[97],"compared":[100,111],"measures.":[103],"each":[107],"sub-function":[108],"shared":[118],"sub-functions.":[119],"\u03a31,":[122],"Integer":[123],"Addition,":[124],"Choose,":[125],"and":[126],"Message":[127],"Scheduler":[128],"found":[130],"consistently":[132],"contribute":[133],"at":[136],"earliest":[138],"rounds,":[139],"combinations.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-14T00:00:00"}