{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7141376532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10020022","title":"A Searchable Encryption Scheme Based on CRYSTALS-Dilithium","display_name":"A Searchable Encryption Scheme Based on CRYSTALS-Dilithium","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7141376532","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10020022"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10020022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10020022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/2/22/pdf?version=1774622892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/2/22/pdf?version=1774622892","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130748799","display_name":"Minghui Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142167","display_name":"DigitalSpace (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1th525","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142167"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142167"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130729767","display_name":"Anqi Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anqi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123702798","display_name":"Shicheng Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shicheng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9674-0380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089126301","display_name":"Deju Kong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142167","display_name":"DigitalSpace (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04h1th525","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142167"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deju Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142167"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, 39 Xueyuan Road, Enshi 445000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130729767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60462702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"22","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.70169997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.6965000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/40-bit-encryption","display_name":"40-bit encryption","score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext-indistinguishability","display_name":"Ciphertext indistinguishability","score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-encryption","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/56-bit-encryption","display_name":"56-bit encryption","score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.4309999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.70169997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.6965000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6407999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5817000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4637271","display_name":"40-bit encryption","level":3,"score":0.510200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182776695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840661","display_name":"Ciphertext indistinguishability","level":5,"score":0.49559998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46905813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4640678","display_name":"56-bit encryption","level":4,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184685986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505167","display_name":"Multiple encryption","level":3,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7646194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818713","display_name":"Attribute-based encryption","level":4,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780746774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014981","display_name":"Functional encryption","level":4,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204806902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2333581","display_name":"Semantic security","level":5,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119133118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7200761","display_name":"Plaintext-aware encryption","level":5,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57795399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265706","display_name":"Deterministic encryption","level":4,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147977885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"On-the-fly encryption","level":3,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101454708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106019","display_name":"Standard Model (mathematical formulation)","level":3,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.25760000944137573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10020022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10020022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/2/22/pdf?version=1774622892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a8c8706635d74abd9d908d5461ae6875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a8c8706635d74abd9d908d5461ae6875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 10, Iss 2, p 22 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10020022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10020022","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/2/22/pdf?version=1774622892","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7141376532.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7141376532.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,44,51,65,70,97,102,118,123,150,156,170],"advancement":[2],"in":[3],"quantum":[4,22,79,167],"computing":[5],"technology,":[6],"number":[8],"theory-based":[9],"hard":[10,106],"problems":[11],"underlying":[12],"traditional":[13,171],"searchable":[14,39,74],"encryption":[15,40,75],"algorithms":[16],"are":[17],"now":[18],"vulnerable":[19],"to":[20,149],"efficient":[21],"attacks.":[23],"To":[24],"address":[25],"this":[26,28],"challenge,":[27],"paper":[29],"proposes":[30],"Dilithium-PAEKS":[31],"(Dilithium-Public":[32],"Authenticated":[33],"Encryption":[34],"with":[35,108],"Keyword":[36],"Search),":[37],"a":[38,58],"scheme":[41,66,98,124,158,172],"based":[42],"on":[43],"post-quantum":[45,151],"cryptographic":[46],"algorithm":[47,84],"CRYSTALS-Dilithium.":[48],"By":[49],"transforming":[50],"verification":[52],"relationship":[53,60],"of":[54,73,96,110],"digital":[55],"signatures":[56,88],"into":[57],"matching":[59,91],"between":[61],"trapdoors":[62],"and":[63,89,104,114,131,140,154],"ciphertexts,":[64],"not":[67],"only":[68],"meets":[69],"functional":[71],"requirements":[72],"but":[76],"also":[77],"demonstrates":[78,159],"resistance.":[80],"The":[81,94],"implementation":[82],"enhances":[83],"efficiency":[85,163],"through":[86,136],"keyword-based":[87],"dynamic":[90],"testing":[92],"mechanisms.":[93],"security":[95],"is":[99],"defined":[100],"by":[101],"MLWE":[103],"MSIS":[105],"problems,":[107],"proofs":[109],"keyword":[111,133],"ciphertext":[112],"indistinguishability":[113,116,142],"trapdoor":[115,141],"under":[117],"random":[119],"oracle":[120],"model.":[121],"Additionally,":[122],"provides":[125],"strong":[126],"resistance":[127,168],"against":[128],"both":[129],"outside":[130],"insider":[132],"guessing":[134],"attacks":[135],"sender\u2013receiver":[137],"binding":[138],"mechanisms":[139],"properties.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that,":[147],"compared":[148],"schemes":[152],"CP-Absel":[153],"LB-FSSE,":[155],"proposed":[157],"superior":[160],"overall":[161],"computational":[162],"while":[164],"maintaining":[165],"stronger":[166],"than":[169],"SM9-PAEKS.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-03-28T00:00:00"}
