{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128736474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10010011","title":"Post-Quantum PKI: A Survey of Applications and Benchmarking Practices","display_name":"Post-Quantum PKI: A Survey of Applications and Benchmarking Practices","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128736474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10010011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/1/11/pdf?version=1770906628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/1/11/pdf?version=1770906628","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125691531","display_name":"Maya Thabet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maya Thabet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2231-2111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087575204","display_name":"Antonia Tsili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6959-5338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127482","display_name":"Applied Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fwraz06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}],"countries":["GR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonia Tsili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","Eulambia Advanced Technologies, Agiou Ioannou 24, Building Complex C, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6959-5338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eulambia Advanced Technologies, Agiou Ioannou 24, Building Complex C, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046456753","display_name":"Konstantinos Krilakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127482","display_name":"Applied Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fwraz06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}],"countries":["GR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Krilakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","Eulambia Advanced Technologies, Agiou Ioannou 24, Building Complex C, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eulambia Advanced Technologies, Agiou Ioannou 24, Building Complex C, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083774956","display_name":"Dimitris Syvridis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200777214","display_name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","ror":"https://ror.org/04gnjpq42","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127482","display_name":"Applied Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fwraz06","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}],"countries":["GR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Syvridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","Eulambia Advanced Technologies, Agiou Ioannou 24, Building Complex C, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342 Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8026-576X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 16122 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eulambia Advanced Technologies, Agiou Ioannou 24, Building Complex C, Ag. Paraskevi, 15342 Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5125691531"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200777214"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":31.4596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98954412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"11","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.1704999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.1704999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.14880000054836273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.14710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.9402999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-infrastructure","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","score":0.8134999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparability","display_name":"Comparability","score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.44209998846054077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.9402999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72648740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658476","display_name":"Public key infrastructure","level":4,"score":0.8134999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.7671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.5465999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5317000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.445499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4438999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.44209998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.42660000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/1/11/pdf?version=1770906628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:030d91d3f20a42d1b7f293797f9c4665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/030d91d3f20a42d1b7f293797f9c4665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 11 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/cryptography10010011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryptography10010011","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2410-387X/10/1/11/pdf?version=1770906628","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210223320","display_name":"Cryptography","issn_l":"2410-387X","issn":["2410-387X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cryptography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6445651650428772,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5117855710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101092766","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G554054906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101091504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128736474.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7128736474.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post-quantum":[0],"cryptography":[1],"(PQC)":[2],"is,":[3],"and":[4,17,31,57,81,90,121,130,136,167,174,198],"should":[5],"be,":[6],"currently":[7],"dominating":[8],"the":[9,19,28,39,62,87,104,107,128,172,177,190],"field":[10],"of":[11,21,33,75,106,127,154,163,176,192],"cybersecurity,":[12],"with":[13],"many":[14,97],"works":[15],"designing":[16],"evaluating":[18],"transition":[20,191],"communications":[22],"security":[23,29],"to":[24,44,52,79,86,100,181,188],"quantum-safe":[25],"solutions.":[26],"As":[27],"level":[30],"implementations":[32],"post-quantum":[34,158],"algorithms":[35,78],"become":[36],"more":[37],"mature,":[38],"research":[40],"on":[41,103],"their":[42,50],"application":[43,51],"realistic":[45],"conditions":[46],"changes":[47],"accordingly,":[48],"especially":[49],"widely":[53],"adopted":[54],"network":[55],"architectures":[56],"corresponding":[58],"protocols":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61],"Public":[63],"Key":[64],"Infrastructure":[65],"(PKI).":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,148],"survey,":[69],"we":[70],"identified":[71],"articles":[72],"presenting":[73],"ways":[74],"integrating":[76],"PQC":[77],"PKI":[80,143,159,193],"classified":[82],"related":[83],"work":[84],"according":[85],"employed":[88],"methods":[89],"benchmarking":[91,155],"choices.":[92],"The":[93,125,161],"main":[94],"results":[95,129],"from":[96],"evaluations":[98],"converge":[99],"similar":[101],"conclusions":[102],"performance":[105],"most":[108],"popular":[109],"PC":[110],"digital":[111],"signature":[112],"algorithms;":[113],"however,":[114],"modeling":[115],"choices":[116],"concerning":[117],"architecture":[118],"variants,":[119],"hardware":[120],"measurement":[122],"metrics":[123],"vary.":[124],"diversity":[126],"experimental":[131],"setups":[132],"makes":[133],"comparison":[134],"difficult":[135],"arrival":[137],"at":[138],"an":[139],"objective":[140],"conclusion":[141],"regarding":[142],"requirements":[144],"almost":[145],"impossible.":[146],"Ultimately,":[147],"review":[149],"reveals":[150],"a":[151],"fragmented":[152],"landscape":[153],"practices":[156],"for":[157],"systems.":[160],"absence":[162],"standardized":[164],"evaluation":[165],"frameworks":[166],"common":[168],"test":[169],"environments":[170],"limits":[171],"comparability":[173],"reproducibility":[175],"findings.":[178],"We":[179],"aim":[180],"provide":[182],"reference":[183],"implementations,":[184],"which":[185],"are":[186],"essential":[187],"guide":[189],"infrastructures":[194],"toward":[195],"robust,":[196],"scalable,":[197],"quantum-resistant":[199],"deployments.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2026-02-13T00:00:00"}