{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030866640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","title":"A Comprehensive and Systematic Survey on the Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Challenges, Security Frameworks, Enabling Technologies, Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures","display_name":"A Comprehensive and Systematic Survey on the Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Challenges, Security Frameworks, Enabling Technologies, Threats, Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030866640","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","mag":"3030866640"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers9020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067402012","display_name":"Muath Obaidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2963-7315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92507152","display_name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9rc392","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muath A. Obaidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cybercrime Studies, CUNY-John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cybercrime Studies, CUNY-John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039853531","display_name":"Suhaib Obeidat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78649154","display_name":"Bloomfield College","ror":"https://ror.org/04gdk0x87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78649154"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhaib Obeidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Network Engineering, Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, NJ 07003, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Network Engineering, Bloomfield College, Bloomfield, NJ 07003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78649154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049628478","display_name":"Jennifer Holst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92507152","display_name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9rc392","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Holst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, CUNY-John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, CUNY-John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034014555","display_name":"Abdullah Al Hayajneh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89554219","display_name":"New Jersey City University","ror":"https://ror.org/0546wew42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89554219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Al Hayajneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professional Security Studies, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professional Security Studies, New Jersey City University, Jersey City, NJ 07305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89554219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021107967","display_name":"Joseph M. Brown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-4799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92507152","display_name":"John Jay College of Criminal Justice","ror":"https://ror.org/01p9rc392","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cybercrime Studies, CUNY-John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cybercrime Studies, CUNY-John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067402012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92507152"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":10.69,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98534296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"44","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7350205779075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7149451375007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6086372137069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.423694372177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4215157926082611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.39888015389442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1831216812133789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7350205779075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7149451375007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6086372137069702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.423694372177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4215157926082611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.39888015389442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1831216812133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers9020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b97d0b427ea148d7b9e3ecc72fd302d8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b97d0b427ea148d7b9e3ecc72fd302d8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 9, Iss 2, p 44 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-431X/9/2/44/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers9020044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers9020044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":197,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150105584","https://openalex.org/W615560582","https://openalex.org/W1518563014","https://openalex.org/W1533104574","https://openalex.org/W1597805936","https://openalex.org/W1652714411","https://openalex.org/W1774699283","https://openalex.org/W1940397557","https://openalex.org/W1964539614","https://openalex.org/W1970429723","https://openalex.org/W1973704977","https://openalex.org/W1980035202","https://openalex.org/W1987264479","https://openalex.org/W1988037376","https://openalex.org/W2002475886","https://openalex.org/W2011534633","https://openalex.org/W2026609766","https://openalex.org/W2036534296","https://openalex.org/W2045819916","https://openalex.org/W2085913004","https://openalex.org/W2104199388","https://openalex.org/W2104473821","https://openalex.org/W2109148997","https://openalex.org/W2112137829","https://openalex.org/W2114631858","https://openalex.org/W2117984332","https://openalex.org/W2118886147","https://openalex.org/W2119811777","https://openalex.org/W2125129370","https://openalex.org/W2129061840","https://openalex.org/W2138528159","https://openalex.org/W2140141884","https://openalex.org/W2153517355","https://openalex.org/W2160095256","https://openalex.org/W2165491783","https://openalex.org/W2182086368","https://openalex.org/W2183185689","https://openalex.org/W2281521979","https://openalex.org/W2289218694","https://openalex.org/W2292021756","https://openalex.org/W2302974452","https://openalex.org/W2339766526","https://openalex.org/W2340885662","https://openalex.org/W2342932645","https://openalex.org/W2343571917","https://openalex.org/W2344251723","https://openalex.org/W2349132415","https://openalex.org/W2428438070","https://openalex.org/W2466440336","https://openalex.org/W2476448192","https://openalex.org/W2480734751","https://openalex.org/W2484170850","https://openalex.org/W2508317201","https://openalex.org/W2509824384","https://openalex.org/W2516920400","https://openalex.org/W2537158000","https://openalex.org/W2546677102","https://openalex.org/W2547739096","https://openalex.org/W2551507722","https://openalex.org/W2555159923","https://openalex.org/W2560436332","https://openalex.org/W2561342496","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2582636195","https://openalex.org/W2584343393","https://openalex.org/W2592269569","https://openalex.org/W2596636257","https://openalex.org/W2600164692","https://openalex.org/W2605955588","https://openalex.org/W2611949601","https://openalex.org/W2613633582","https://openalex.org/W2613741294","https://openalex.org/W2621040166","https://openalex.org/W2625325128","https://openalex.org/W2627039493","https://openalex.org/W2731409812","https://openalex.org/W2733358165","https://openalex.org/W2733889053","https://openalex.org/W2741042008","https://openalex.org/W2741382195","https://openalex.org/W2743140542","https://openalex.org/W2746240653","https://openalex.org/W2755677134","https://openalex.org/W2756080681","https://openalex.org/W2761271288","https://openalex.org/W2761295607","https://openalex.org/W2761800654","https://openalex.org/W2762498507","https://openalex.org/W2762508274","https://openalex.org/W2762628503","https://openalex.org/W2762692271","https://openalex.org/W2763773237","https://openalex.org/W2764129961","https://openalex.org/W2765739766","https://openalex.org/W2768152971","https://openalex.org/W2768696376","https://openalex.org/W2771380743","https://openalex.org/W2774692958","https://openalex.org/W2775292876","https://openalex.org/W2777754251","https://openalex.org/W2778801941","https://openalex.org/W2780045877","https://openalex.org/W2783422090","https://openalex.org/W2785400396","https://openalex.org/W2785446263","https://openalex.org/W2789628800","https://openalex.org/W2790903462","https://openalex.org/W2791969307","https://openalex.org/W2793178602","https://openalex.org/W2794563095","https://openalex.org/W2798471379","https://openalex.org/W2798863902","https://openalex.org/W2800306076","https://openalex.org/W2800441021","https://openalex.org/W2800881063","https://openalex.org/W2801370193","https://openalex.org/W2802409081","https://openalex.org/W2803572596","https://openalex.org/W2806370396","https://openalex.org/W2806569612","https://openalex.org/W2810107061","https://openalex.org/W2810910446","https://openalex.org/W2851171840","https://openalex.org/W2858974629","https://openalex.org/W2875475762","https://openalex.org/W2883778764","https://openalex.org/W2888845123","https://openalex.org/W2890124008","https://openalex.org/W2891406774","https://openalex.org/W2891846480","https://openalex.org/W2894418998","https://openalex.org/W2897514040","https://openalex.org/W2897643884","https://openalex.org/W2899752644","https://openalex.org/W2899762291","https://openalex.org/W2899947464","https://openalex.org/W2901465149","https://openalex.org/W2902048054","https://openalex.org/W2904573081","https://openalex.org/W2906691478","https://openalex.org/W2907907052","https://openalex.org/W2913551486","https://openalex.org/W2913748559","https://openalex.org/W2914189586","https://openalex.org/W2921008479","https://openalex.org/W2922295008","https://openalex.org/W2932590092","https://openalex.org/W2940072198","https://openalex.org/W2940266355","https://openalex.org/W2942661348","https://openalex.org/W2945308717","https://openalex.org/W2947097788","https://openalex.org/W2947506247","https://openalex.org/W2948038261","https://openalex.org/W2950552779","https://openalex.org/W2951694401","https://openalex.org/W2952763883","https://openalex.org/W2963175763","https://openalex.org/W2963265635","https://openalex.org/W2964345729","https://openalex.org/W2967702429","https://openalex.org/W2969425690","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2969940531","https://openalex.org/W2970169144","https://openalex.org/W2975101788","https://openalex.org/W2979712962","https://openalex.org/W2982234410","https://openalex.org/W2982625477","https://openalex.org/W2995423556","https://openalex.org/W2998031958","https://openalex.org/W2999241451","https://openalex.org/W2999959427","https://openalex.org/W3001526194","https://openalex.org/W3004864462","https://openalex.org/W3006496992","https://openalex.org/W3010187224","https://openalex.org/W3018388517","https://openalex.org/W3022265167","https://openalex.org/W3099618991","https://openalex.org/W3106059286","https://openalex.org/W3144583911","https://openalex.org/W4242294952","https://openalex.org/W4249982345","https://openalex.org/W4254089616","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300972769","https://openalex.org/W6606218254","https://openalex.org/W6635673271","https://openalex.org/W6672047077","https://openalex.org/W6675972597","https://openalex.org/W6680254163","https://openalex.org/W6685896362","https://openalex.org/W6703965359","https://openalex.org/W6705155107","https://openalex.org/W6745706219","https://openalex.org/W6756832365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660","https://openalex.org/W4238100021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,37],"Internet":[1,56],"of":[2,12,18,42,49,57,80,96,106,112,129,146,166,169],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"has":[5,53],"experienced":[6],"constant":[7],"growth":[8,39],"in":[9,20,29,44,108,122,175,213],"the":[10,16,61,92,140,152,167,181,207],"number":[11],"devices":[13,23],"deployed":[14],"and":[15,35,40,47,65,70,94,98,119,136,158,185],"range":[17],"applications":[19],"which":[21,81,90],"such":[22],"are":[24,82,85,178,200],"used.":[25],"They":[26],"vary":[27],"widely":[28],"size,":[30],"computational":[31],"power,":[32],"capacity":[33],"storage,":[34],"energy.":[36],"explosive":[38],"integration":[41],"IoT":[43,67,77,107,134,149,217],"different":[45],"domains":[46],"areas":[48,111,199],"our":[50],"daily":[51],"lives":[52],"created":[54],"an":[55],"Vulnerabilities":[58],"(IoV).":[59],"In":[60,138],"rush":[62],"to":[63,87,110,203,215],"build":[64],"implement":[66],"devices,":[68,78,177],"security":[69,93,114,118,135],"privacy":[71,95,120],"have":[72],"not":[73],"been":[74],"adequately":[75],"addressed.":[76],"many":[79],"highly":[83],"constrained,":[84],"vulnerable":[86],"cyber":[88],"attacks,":[89],"threaten":[91],"users":[97],"systems.":[99],"This":[100],"survey":[101],"provides":[102],"a":[103,127,143,164,188,193],"comprehensive":[104,144],"overview":[105],"regard":[109,214],"application,":[113],"architecture":[115,154],"frameworks,":[116],"recent":[117,130,209],"issues":[121],"IoT,":[123],"as":[124,126,161,163],"well":[125,162],"review":[128],"similar":[131],"studies":[132],"on":[133,148,151,172],"privacy.":[137],"addition,":[139],"paper":[141],"presents":[142],"taxonomy":[145],"attacks":[147,171],"based":[150],"three-layer":[153],"model;":[155],"perception,":[156],"network,":[157],"application":[159],"layers,":[160],"suggestion":[165],"impact":[168],"these":[170],"CIA":[173],"objectives":[174],"representative":[176],"presented.":[179],"Moreover,":[180],"study":[182],"proposes":[183],"mitigations":[184],"countermeasures,":[186],"taking":[187],"multi-faceted":[189],"approach":[190],"rather":[191],"than":[192],"per":[194],"layer":[195],"approach.":[196],"Open":[197],"research":[198,210],"also":[201],"covered":[202],"provide":[204],"researchers":[205],"with":[206],"most":[208],"urgent":[211],"questions":[212],"securing":[216],"ecosystem.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
