{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799366331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers7030039","title":"BlendCAC: A Smart Contract Enabled Decentralized Capability-Based Access Control Mechanism for the IoT","display_name":"BlendCAC: A Smart Contract Enabled Decentralized Capability-Based Access Control Mechanism for the IoT","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799366331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers7030039","mag":"2799366331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers7030039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers7030039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/7/3/39/pdf?version=1531473783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/7/3/39/pdf?version=1531473783","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028381116","display_name":"Ronghua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-237X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamotn, NY 13902, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamotn, NY 13902, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402109","display_name":"Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamotn, NY 13902, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-0586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamotn, NY 13902, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023894377","display_name":"Erik Blasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Blasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["The U.S. Air Force Research Lab, Rome, NY 13441, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The U.S. Air Force Research Lab, Rome, NY 13441, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003882518","display_name":"Genshe Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131102","display_name":"Intelligent Fusion Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hjcc687","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genshe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc., Germantown, MD 20876, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc., Germantown, MD 20876, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100402109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":55.2653,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99884493,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"39","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7204393148422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.694778323173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6275745630264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5919414162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegate","display_name":"Delegate","score":0.5847869515419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-point-of-failure","display_name":"Single point of failure","score":0.5764833092689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.4678783118724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegation","display_name":"Delegation","score":0.4485781788825989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revocation","display_name":"Revocation","score":0.4449740946292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44427254796028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3445039689540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.23243093490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.20920956134796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11110267043113708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7204393148422241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.694778323173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6275745630264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5919414162635803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143273055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382794","display_name":"Delegate","level":2,"score":0.5847869515419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.5764833092689514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.4678783118724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.4485781788825989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775892892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509517","display_name":"Revocation","level":3,"score":0.4449740946292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44427254796028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3445039689540863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.23243093490600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.20920956134796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11110267043113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers7030039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers7030039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/7/3/39/pdf?version=1531473783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0c49ae341234a9ca17f28ea6288fb6d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0c49ae341234a9ca17f28ea6288fb6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 7, Iss 3, p 39 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2073-431X/7/3/39/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/computers7030039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers7030039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers7030039","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/7/3/39/pdf?version=1531473783","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799366331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799366331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485905500","https://openalex.org/W1792154738","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1990271006","https://openalex.org/W1995363216","https://openalex.org/W2013913747","https://openalex.org/W2030370258","https://openalex.org/W2030639963","https://openalex.org/W2043370600","https://openalex.org/W2058478906","https://openalex.org/W2061197573","https://openalex.org/W2070199221","https://openalex.org/W2077732272","https://openalex.org/W2114917462","https://openalex.org/W2126993465","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2160205416","https://openalex.org/W2166602595","https://openalex.org/W2294786968","https://openalex.org/W2332071383","https://openalex.org/W2479692466","https://openalex.org/W2512201415","https://openalex.org/W2553727764","https://openalex.org/W2560182676","https://openalex.org/W2588585573","https://openalex.org/W2592908345","https://openalex.org/W2604813584","https://openalex.org/W2610554459","https://openalex.org/W2769751329","https://openalex.org/W2770899037","https://openalex.org/W2886649975","https://openalex.org/W2962816341","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W6639885319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115332106","https://openalex.org/W1591695585","https://openalex.org/W3183911098","https://openalex.org/W4238454263","https://openalex.org/W2559470891","https://openalex.org/W4245844877","https://openalex.org/W4248360724","https://openalex.org/W1975904519","https://openalex.org/W4386088672","https://openalex.org/W3125255130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,14,24,81,105,114,178,187,226],"Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"technology":[5],"has":[6,194],"been":[7,195],"widely":[8],"recognized":[9],"as":[10],"an":[11],"essential":[12],"part":[13],"Smart":[15],"Cities,":[16],"it":[17],"also":[18],"brings":[19],"new":[20],"challenges":[21],"in":[22,40,86,139],"terms":[23],"privacy":[25],"and":[26,42,61,74,137,154,162,185,205,212,235],"security.":[27],"Access":[28,53,58,63],"control":[29,50],"(AC)":[30],"is":[31,38,89,123,149,164,173],"among":[32],"the":[33,79,90,102,109,179,188,224,227],"top":[34,113],"security":[35],"concerns,":[36],"which":[37,94,122,175],"critical":[39],"resource":[41],"information":[43,138],"protection":[44,133],"over":[45],"IoT":[46,82,141,240],"devices.":[47],"Traditional":[48],"access":[49,189],"approaches,":[51],"like":[52],"Control":[54,59,64],"Lists":[55],"(ACL),":[56],"Role-based":[57],"(RBAC)":[60],"Attribute-based":[62],"(ABAC),":[65],"are":[66],"not":[67],"able":[68],"to":[69,77,130,151,229],"provide":[70],"a":[71,97,115,124,215,231],"scalable,":[72,233],"manageable":[73],"efficient":[75],"mechanism":[76,129,158],"meet":[78],"requirements":[80],"systems.":[83,142,241],"Another":[84],"weakness":[85],"today\u2019s":[87],"AC":[88,128,237],"centralized":[91],"authorization":[92,161],"server,":[93],"can":[95],"cause":[96],"performance":[98],"bottleneck":[99],"or":[100],"be":[101],"single":[103],"point":[104],"failure.":[106],"Inspired":[107],"by":[108],"smart":[110,180],"contract":[111,181],"on":[112,197,214],"blockchain":[116,218],"protocol,":[117],"this":[118],"paper":[119],"proposes":[120],"BlendCAC,":[121],"decentralized,":[125,232],"federated":[126,144],"capability-based":[127,145],"enable":[131],"effective":[132],"for":[134,159,182,239],"devices,":[135],"services":[136],"large-scale":[140],"A":[143,166,191],"delegation":[146],"model":[147],"(FCDM)":[148],"introduced":[150],"support":[152],"hierarchical":[153],"multi-hop":[155],"delegation.":[156],"The":[157,220],"delegate":[160],"revocation":[163,186],"explored.":[165],"robust":[167],"identity-based":[168],"capability":[169],"token":[170],"management":[171],"strategy":[172],"proposed,":[174],"takes":[176],"advantage":[177],"registration,":[183],"propagation,":[184],"authorization.":[190],"proof-of-concept":[192],"prototype":[193],"implemented":[196],"both":[198],"resources-constrained":[199],"devices":[200,209],"(i.e.,":[201,210],"Raspberry":[202],"PI":[203],"nodes)":[204],"more":[206],"powerful":[207],"computing":[208],"laptops)":[211],"tested":[213],"local":[216],"private":[217],"network.":[219],"experimental":[221],"results":[222],"demonstrate":[223],"feasibility":[225],"BlendCAC":[228],"offer":[230],"lightweight":[234],"fine-grained":[236],"solution":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}