{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7162396797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15060338","title":"A Multimodal Course Digital Twin for Adaptive Academic Planning: Integrating Physiological Stress, Self-Reports, and Academic Context","display_name":"A Multimodal Course Digital Twin for Adaptive Academic Planning: Integrating Physiological Stress, Self-Reports, and Academic Context","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7162396797","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15060338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15060338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15060338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15060338","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137056435","display_name":"Stamatios Orfanos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5042-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stamatios Orfanos","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioAssist, Kastritsiou 4, 26504 Patras, Greece","Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5042-9408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioAssist, Kastritsiou 4, 26504 Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018464844","display_name":"Parisis Gallos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-7200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parisis Gallos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-7200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137039238","display_name":"Christos Panagopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-0919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Panagopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["BioAssist, Kastritsiou 4, 26504 Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-0919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BioAssist, Kastritsiou 4, 26504 Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085880601","display_name":"Andreas Menychtas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-5522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Menychtas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-5522","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123501353","display_name":"Ilias Maglogiannis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilias Maglogiannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2860-399X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, 18534 Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65333722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"6","first_page":"338","last_page":"338"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.12409999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.12409999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.0794999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-analytics","display_name":"Learning analytics","score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4275999963283539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5321999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.5056999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.36719998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16628824","display_name":"Digital learning","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142039133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620943","display_name":"Personalized learning","level":5,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15060338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15060338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5eca73cbdd6e401eb07a355a95d24133","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5eca73cbdd6e401eb07a355a95d24133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 15, Iss 6, p 338 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15060338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15060338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996299251","https://openalex.org/W1997071828","https://openalex.org/W2025170963","https://openalex.org/W2026891775","https://openalex.org/W2032512569","https://openalex.org/W2046127588","https://openalex.org/W2096215189","https://openalex.org/W2127670720","https://openalex.org/W2138029669","https://openalex.org/W2156567116","https://openalex.org/W2171801645","https://openalex.org/W2520289546","https://openalex.org/W2759190050","https://openalex.org/W2788276261","https://openalex.org/W2792140820","https://openalex.org/W2795895634","https://openalex.org/W2894771803","https://openalex.org/W2907166066","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2974457857","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W3012041784","https://openalex.org/W3041136889","https://openalex.org/W3116731885","https://openalex.org/W4220969884","https://openalex.org/W4230277160","https://openalex.org/W4282972980","https://openalex.org/W4292301886","https://openalex.org/W4308834113","https://openalex.org/W4379967775","https://openalex.org/W4389939527","https://openalex.org/W4394727687","https://openalex.org/W4400981318","https://openalex.org/W4402396938","https://openalex.org/W4402611780","https://openalex.org/W4404871727","https://openalex.org/W4405016786","https://openalex.org/W4410472598","https://openalex.org/W4410610392","https://openalex.org/W4411544124","https://openalex.org/W7117690486"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Academic":[0],"stress":[1,33,86,93,114,168,183],"in":[2,106,165],"higher":[3],"education":[4],"is":[5,110,119,208],"strongly":[6],"influenced":[7],"by":[8],"workload":[9,98,172],"structure":[10],"and":[11,20,35,95,139,143,170,185,214],"scheduling":[12,73,202],"decisions,":[13],"yet":[14],"academic":[15,48,66,97,190],"planning":[16,191],"sometimes":[17],"remains":[18],"static":[19],"does":[21],"not":[22],"incorporate":[23],"behavioural":[24],"or":[25],"physiological":[26,90,113],"indicators.":[27,99],"While":[28],"existing":[29],"research":[30],"focuses":[31],"on":[32],"measurement":[34],"prediction,":[36],"these":[37],"approaches":[38],"are":[39,81,161],"rarely":[40],"integrated":[41],"into":[42,189],"decision-support":[43,76],"mechanisms":[44],"capable":[45],"of":[46,180],"restructuring":[47],"schedules.":[49],"This":[50],"work":[51],"introduces":[52],"a":[53,75,84,103,147,197],"Course":[54],"Digital":[55,186],"Twin":[56,187],"(CDT)":[57],"framework":[58,101,195],"that":[59,157],"integrates":[60],"multimodal":[61,182],"student":[62],"data":[63],"with":[64,163],"simulation-based":[65,158],"planning.":[67],"The":[68,100,125,175,193],"proposed":[69,194],"system":[70,126],"models":[71],"course":[72,136],"as":[74,129],"problem,":[77],"where":[78],"alternative":[79],"configurations":[80],"evaluated":[82,145],"using":[83],"structured":[85],"model":[87],"combining":[88],"wearable-derived":[89],"signals,":[91],"self-reported":[92],"measures,":[94],"contextual":[96],"employs":[102],"hybrid":[104],"approach":[105],"which":[107],"machine":[108],"learning":[109],"used":[111],"for":[112,199],"estimation,":[115],"while":[116],"schedule":[117,159],"adaptation":[118],"performed":[120],"through":[121,146],"transparent":[122],"rule-based":[123],"mechanisms.":[124],"was":[127,144],"implemented":[128],"an":[130],"end-to-end":[131],"platform":[132],"including":[133],"mobile":[134],"sensing,":[135],"configuration":[137],"interfaces,":[138],"instructor":[140],"analytics":[141],"dashboards,":[142],"pilot":[148],"deployment":[149],"across":[150],"multiple":[151],"postgraduate":[152],"courses.":[153],"Preliminary":[154],"results":[155],"indicate":[156],"adjustments":[160],"associated":[162],"reductions":[164],"projected":[166],"peak":[167],"levels":[169],"improved":[171],"distribution":[173],"patterns.":[174],"findings":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"the":[178],"feasibility":[179],"integrating":[181],"modelling":[184],"simulation":[188],"workflows.":[192],"provides":[196],"foundation":[198],"future":[200],"stress-aware":[201],"systems,":[203],"although":[204],"further":[205],"large-scale":[206],"validation":[207],"required":[209],"to":[210],"establish":[211],"its":[212],"effectiveness":[213],"generalizability.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-27T00:00:00"}