{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126420943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15020079","title":"A DEMATEL\u2013ANP-Based Evaluation of AI-Assisted Learning in Higher Education","display_name":"A DEMATEL\u2013ANP-Based Evaluation of AI-Assisted Learning in Higher Education","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126420943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15020079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15020079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15020079","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/2/79/pdf?version=1770029309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/2/79/pdf?version=1770029309","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050199179","display_name":"Galina Ilieva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-8576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Galina Ilieva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-8576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054211196","display_name":"Tania Yankova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-3098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tania Yankova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-3098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068677765","display_name":"Margarita Ruseva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-051X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margarita Ruseva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8683-051X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073449502","display_name":"Stanislava Klisarova-Belcheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-412X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192878625","display_name":"Plovdiv University","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742","country_code":"BG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}],"countries":["BG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislava Klisarova-Belcheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-412X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management and Quantitative Methods in Economics, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054211196"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192878625"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":16.4722,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97217325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"79","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.14309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.14309999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.05350000038743019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.05180000141263008,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accreditation","display_name":"Accreditation","score":0.6129000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delphi-method","display_name":"Delphi method","score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.415800005197525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.7224000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.6129000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60641444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602","display_name":"Delphi method","level":2,"score":0.5022000074386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135510737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance indicator","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.37689998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106436119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575","display_name":"Quality assurance","level":3,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779495148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487378","display_name":"Delphi","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33191230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737383","display_name":"Face validity","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105776082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473","display_name":"Likert scale","level":2,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194519906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627827","display_name":"Student engagement","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15020079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15020079","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/2/79/pdf?version=1770029309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b23519f2abe4e1f9da4a6701fc08904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b23519f2abe4e1f9da4a6701fc08904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 15, Iss 2, p 79 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15020079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15020079","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/2/79/pdf?version=1770029309","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4266301989555359}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311225","display_name":"Plovdiv University \"Paisii Hilendarski\"","ror":"https://ror.org/0545p3742"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126420943.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7126420943.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"indicator":[4,15,76],"system":[5],"for":[6,148],"evaluating":[7],"AI-assisted":[8,152],"learning":[9],"in":[10,127,151],"higher":[11,153],"education,":[12,154],"combining":[13],"evidence-based":[14],"development":[16],"with":[17,39],"expert-validated":[18],"weighting.":[19],"First,":[20],"we":[21,59],"review":[22],"recent":[23],"studies":[24],"to":[25,73,87],"extract":[26],"candidate":[27],"indicators":[28,45,133],"and":[29,46,65,93,100,120,145,160],"organize":[30],"them":[31],"into":[32],"coherent":[33],"dimensions.":[34],"Next,":[35],"a":[36,48,61,84,143],"Delphi":[37],"session":[38],"domain":[40],"experts":[41],"refines":[42],"the":[43,128],"second-order":[44],"produces":[47],"measurable,":[49],"non-redundant,":[50],"implementation-ready":[51],"index":[52],"system.":[53],"To":[54],"capture":[55],"interdependencies":[56],"among":[57],"indicators,":[58],"apply":[60],"hybrid":[62],"Decision-Making":[63],"Trial":[64],"Evaluation":[66],"Laboratory\u2013Analytic":[67],"Network":[68],"Process":[69],"(DEMATEL\u2013ANP,":[70],"DANP)":[71],"approach":[72],"derive":[74],"global":[75],"weights.":[77],"The":[78,106,139],"framework":[79,141],"is":[80],"empirically":[81],"illustrated":[82],"through":[83],"course-level":[85],"application":[86],"examine":[88],"its":[89],"decision":[90],"usefulness,":[91],"interpretability,":[92],"face":[94],"validity":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"expert":[98],"evaluations":[99],"structured":[101],"feedback":[102,118],"from":[103],"academic":[104],"staff.":[105],"results":[107],"indicate":[108],"that":[109],"pedagogical":[110],"content":[111],"quality,":[112,119],"adaptivity":[113],"(especially":[114],"difficulty":[115],"adjustment),":[116],"formative":[117],"learner":[121],"engagement":[122],"act":[123],"as":[124,136],"key":[125],"drivers":[126],"evaluation":[129],"network,":[130],"while":[131],"ethics-related":[132],"operate":[134],"primarily":[135],"enabling":[137],"constraints.":[138],"proposed":[140],"provides":[142],"transparent":[144],"scalable":[146],"tool":[147],"quality":[149],"assurance":[150],"supporting":[155],"instructional":[156],"design,":[157],"accreditation":[158],"reporting,":[159],"continuous":[161],"improvement.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-02-02T00:00:00"}