{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7119502878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15010042","title":"Preparation for Inclusive and Technology-Enhanced Pedagogy: A Cluster Analysis of Secondary Special Education Teachers","display_name":"Preparation for Inclusive and Technology-Enhanced Pedagogy: A Cluster Analysis of Secondary Special Education Teachers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7119502878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15010042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15010042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15010042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/1/42/pdf?version=1767951008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/1/42/pdf?version=1767951008","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057936920","display_name":"Evaggelos Foykas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3872-6945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evaggelos Foykas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Special Education Department, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Education Department, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024218387","display_name":"Eleftheria Beazidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-5515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleftheria Beazidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Special Education Department, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0648-5515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Education Department, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037667275","display_name":"\u039d\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1 \u03a1\u03ac\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-7597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natassa Raikou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Special Education Department, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8608-7597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Special Education Department, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053795802","display_name":"Nikolaos C. Zygouris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-6533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos C. Zygouris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-6533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, 35100 Lamia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037667275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01734549,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"42","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.22949999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10008","display_name":"Teacher Education and Leadership Studies","score":0.22949999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.1071000024676323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12060","display_name":"Child Development and Digital Technology","score":0.0502999983727932,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operationalization","display_name":"Operationalization","score":0.7038999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competence","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"Special education","score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-needs","display_name":"Special needs","score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"Vocational education","score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-development","display_name":"Professional development","score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-teachers","display_name":"School teachers","score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusion","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","score":0.44589999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9354725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286017","display_name":"Operationalization","level":2,"score":0.7038999795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.5133000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776206778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7761689","display_name":"Special needs","level":2,"score":0.5038999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020423824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226","display_name":"School teachers","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780805685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374230","display_name":"Teacher education","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017531719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374230","display_name":"Teacher preparation","level":3,"score":0.3788999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154482161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2251268","display_name":"Mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983454672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14623204","display_name":"Secondary education","level":2,"score":0.3116999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776987068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5136701","display_name":"Cluster grouping","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781368961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905421","display_name":"Differentiated instruction","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988635931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7761689","display_name":"Special educational needs","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15010042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15010042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/1/42/pdf?version=1767951008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8a79aab486547f1b4578d565124f373","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8a79aab486547f1b4578d565124f373","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 42 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers15010042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers15010042","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/15/1/42/pdf?version=1767951008","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41438329219818115,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.41114339232444763,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119502878.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7119502878.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1726725194","https://openalex.org/W1966967274","https://openalex.org/W1977775666","https://openalex.org/W1980849679","https://openalex.org/W2022237013","https://openalex.org/W2049190493","https://openalex.org/W2075004202","https://openalex.org/W2160643014","https://openalex.org/W2204895879","https://openalex.org/W2246898682","https://openalex.org/W2329442555","https://openalex.org/W2479531384","https://openalex.org/W2549425623","https://openalex.org/W2605906945","https://openalex.org/W2899357855","https://openalex.org/W2933713363","https://openalex.org/W2981523459","https://openalex.org/W3017171867","https://openalex.org/W3106848865","https://openalex.org/W3119345671","https://openalex.org/W3135177737","https://openalex.org/W3137704383","https://openalex.org/W3197429956","https://openalex.org/W3204346226","https://openalex.org/W4244023744","https://openalex.org/W4293109638","https://openalex.org/W4297324227","https://openalex.org/W4309116010","https://openalex.org/W4377287534","https://openalex.org/W4381162751","https://openalex.org/W4381568947","https://openalex.org/W4383724782","https://openalex.org/W4388501731","https://openalex.org/W4388721872","https://openalex.org/W4388823966","https://openalex.org/W4391191450","https://openalex.org/W4391284257","https://openalex.org/W4394819008","https://openalex.org/W4399157069","https://openalex.org/W4406257935","https://openalex.org/W4406933966","https://openalex.org/W4407419567","https://openalex.org/W4411153607","https://openalex.org/W4414848618","https://openalex.org/W4414851718","https://openalex.org/W4415818350","https://openalex.org/W4416337210"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,162],"examines":[2],"the":[3,126],"profiles":[4,166],"of":[5,28,41,47],"secondary":[6,173],"special":[7,57,174],"education":[8],"teachers":[9,30,92,105,115],"regarding":[10],"their":[11],"readiness":[12],"for":[13,128],"inclusive":[14,65,134,149],"teaching,":[15,66],"with":[16,56,93,102,106,116],"technology-enhanced":[17,136,154],"practices":[18],"operationalized":[19,67],"through":[20,138],"participation":[21],"in":[22,64,71,172],"STEAM-related":[23,151],"professional":[24,42,130,170],"development.":[25],"A":[26],"total":[27],"323":[29],"from":[31],"vocational":[32],"high":[33,107],"schools":[34],"and":[35,61,80,97,112,120,135,140,153],"integration":[36],"classes":[37],"participated.":[38],"Four":[39],"indicators":[40],"preparation":[43],"were":[44],"assessed:":[45],"years":[46],"teaching":[48],"experience,":[49],"formal":[50],"STEAM":[51,118,139],"training,":[52],"exposure":[53,99],"to":[54,100,143,167],"students":[55,101],"educational":[58],"needs":[59],"(SEN),":[60],"perceived":[62,95,121],"success":[63,96],"as":[68],"self-reported":[69],"competence":[70],"adaptive":[72],"instruction,":[73],"classroom":[74],"management,":[75],"positive":[76],"attitudes":[77],"toward":[78],"inclusion,":[79],"collaborative":[81],"engagement.":[82],"Cluster":[83],"analysis":[84],"revealed":[85],"three":[86],"distinct":[87],"teacher":[88,165],"profiles:":[89],"less":[90],"experienced":[91,114],"moderate":[94],"limited":[98],"SEN;":[103],"well-prepared":[104],"levels":[108],"across":[109],"all":[110],"indicators;":[111],"highly":[113],"lower":[117],"training":[119],"success.":[122],"These":[123],"findings":[124],"underscore":[125],"need":[127],"targeted":[129],"development":[131,171],"that":[132],"integrates":[133],"pedagogy":[137,155],"is":[141],"tailored":[142],"teachers\u2019":[144],"experience":[145],"levels.":[146],"By":[147],"integrating":[148],"readiness,":[150],"preparation,":[152],"within":[156],"a":[157],"person-centered":[158],"profiling":[159],"approach,":[160],"this":[161],"offers":[163],"actionable":[164],"inform":[168],"differentiated":[169],"education.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-09T00:00:00"}