{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415819545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14110475","title":"Pulse-Driven Spin Paradigm for Noise-Aware Quantum Classification","display_name":"Pulse-Driven Spin Paradigm for Noise-Aware Quantum Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415819545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14110475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14110475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14110475","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/11/475/pdf?version=1762171747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/11/475/pdf?version=1762171747","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120235134","display_name":"Carlos Riascos-Moreno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Riascos-Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Recognition Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Recognition Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051246446","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Marino \u00c1lvarez-Meza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-9576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Marino \u00c1lvarez-Meza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Recognition Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Recognition Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080328620","display_name":"G. Castellanos-Dom\u00ednguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"German Castellanos-Dominguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Recognition Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Recognition Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales 170003, Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051246446","https://openalex.org/A5120235134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17565278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"475","last_page":"475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7526000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.7526000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.15839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qubit","display_name":"Qubit","score":0.6392999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.3693999946117401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203087015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378201","display_name":"Qubit","level":3,"score":0.6392999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5551999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.38769999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.33379998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779094486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18811578","display_name":"Quantum machine learning","level":4,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3172999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47091857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118612","display_name":"Coherence time","level":3,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89143813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105423","display_name":"Quantum sensor","level":5,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2118982","display_name":"Quantum gate","level":4,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122527463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","level":3,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14110475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14110475","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/11/475/pdf?version=1762171747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:404daa00e74947ee95a10bd171f26c8b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/404daa00e74947ee95a10bd171f26c8b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 475 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14110475","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14110475","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/11/475/pdf?version=1762171747","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415819545.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1229031887","https://openalex.org/W1970836889","https://openalex.org/W1993717653","https://openalex.org/W1998081391","https://openalex.org/W2015363484","https://openalex.org/W2047639422","https://openalex.org/W2049471987","https://openalex.org/W2058140214","https://openalex.org/W2060352036","https://openalex.org/W2095205256","https://openalex.org/W2103282498","https://openalex.org/W2118492081","https://openalex.org/W2189660299","https://openalex.org/W2566002283","https://openalex.org/W2746656048","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2790388700","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2871364007","https://openalex.org/W2895860665","https://openalex.org/W2903762116","https://openalex.org/W2952169450","https://openalex.org/W2954939433","https://openalex.org/W2964185963","https://openalex.org/W3005176568","https://openalex.org/W3013027430","https://openalex.org/W3016555448","https://openalex.org/W3016878813","https://openalex.org/W3025310339","https://openalex.org/W3044340027","https://openalex.org/W3098546081","https://openalex.org/W3126366362","https://openalex.org/W3138500913","https://openalex.org/W3159416731","https://openalex.org/W3193720999","https://openalex.org/W3209237089","https://openalex.org/W3212279966","https://openalex.org/W3213245434","https://openalex.org/W3217600686","https://openalex.org/W4205350539","https://openalex.org/W4206951734","https://openalex.org/W4213212652","https://openalex.org/W4251948262","https://openalex.org/W4285087870","https://openalex.org/W4285802213","https://openalex.org/W4296126438","https://openalex.org/W4297473634","https://openalex.org/W4308450118","https://openalex.org/W4313171447","https://openalex.org/W4315926640","https://openalex.org/W4378191399","https://openalex.org/W4380590907","https://openalex.org/W4383341843","https://openalex.org/W4385807768","https://openalex.org/W4389168212","https://openalex.org/W4389306108","https://openalex.org/W4390411212","https://openalex.org/W4390672838","https://openalex.org/W4390704347","https://openalex.org/W4392643923","https://openalex.org/W4401612678","https://openalex.org/W4401791634","https://openalex.org/W4402745353","https://openalex.org/W4402921989","https://openalex.org/W4405154009","https://openalex.org/W4405833945","https://openalex.org/W4407520865","https://openalex.org/W4410776025"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,51],"machine":[1,9],"learning":[2],"(QML)":[3],"integrates":[4],"quantum":[5,23,104],"computing":[6],"with":[7,83,215],"classical":[8,18],"learning.":[10],"Within":[11],"this":[12],"domain,":[13],"QML-CQ":[14],"classification":[15,81,233],"tasks,":[16],"where":[17,54],"data":[19],"is":[20],"processed":[21],"by":[22,47],"circuits,":[24],"have":[25],"attracted":[26],"particular":[27],"interest":[28],"for":[29,102,129,252],"their":[30,109],"potential":[31,111],"to":[32,133,238],"exploit":[33],"high-dimensional":[34],"feature":[35],"maps,":[36],"entanglement-enabled":[37],"correlations,":[38],"and":[39,60,96,115,140,164,171,182,188,235,258,265],"non-classical":[40],"priors.":[41],"Yet,":[42],"practical":[43,250],"realizations":[44],"remain":[45],"constrained":[46],"the":[48,135,157,245],"Noisy":[49],"Intermediate-Scale":[50],"(NISQ)":[52],"era,":[53],"limited":[55],"qubit":[56,85],"counts,":[57],"gate":[58],"errors,":[59],"coherence":[61],"losses":[62,230],"necessitate":[63],"frugal,":[64],"noise-aware":[65,126,192],"strategies.":[66],"The":[67],"Data":[68],"Re-Uploading":[69],"(DRU)":[70],"algorithm":[71],"has":[72,89],"emerged":[73],"as":[74,248],"a":[75,124,191,221,249],"strong":[76],"NISQ-compatible":[77],"candidate,":[78],"offering":[79],"universal":[80],"capabilities":[82],"minimal":[84],"requirements.":[86],"While":[87],"DRU":[88,127,149,254],"been":[90],"experimentally":[91],"demonstrated":[92],"on":[93,255,262],"ion-trap,":[94],"photonic,":[95],"superconducting":[97],"platforms,":[98],"no":[99],"implementations":[100],"exist":[101],"spin-based":[103,130,256],"processing":[105],"units":[106],"(QPU-SBs),":[107],"despite":[108],"scalability":[110],"via":[112,185],"CMOS-compatible":[113],"fabrication":[114],"recent":[116],"demonstrations":[117],"of":[118],"multi-qubit":[119],"processors.":[120],"Here,":[121],"we":[122],"present":[123],"pulse-level,":[125],"framework":[128,247],"QPUs,":[131],"designed":[132],"bridge":[134],"gap":[136],"between":[137],"gate-level":[138,197,213],"models":[139],"realistic":[141,226],"spin-qubit":[142],"execution.":[143],"Our":[144],"approach":[145],"includes":[146],"(i)":[147],"compiling":[148],"circuits":[150],"into":[151],"hardware-proximate,":[152],"time-domain":[153],"controls":[154],"derived":[155],"from":[156],"Loss\u2013DiVincenzo":[158],"Hamiltonian,":[159],"(ii)":[160],"explicitly":[161],"incorporating":[162],"coherent":[163],"incoherent":[165],"noise":[166,267],"sources":[167],"through":[168],"pulse":[169],"perturbations":[170],"Lindblad":[172],"channels,":[173],"(iii)":[174],"enabling":[175],"systematic":[176],"noise-sensitivity":[177],"studies":[178],"across":[179],"one-,":[180],"two-,":[181],"four-spin":[183],"configurations":[184],"continuous-time":[186],"simulation,":[187],"(iv)":[189],"developing":[190],"training":[193,264],"pipeline":[194],"that":[195,209],"benchmarks":[196],"baselines":[198],"against":[199],"spin-level":[200],"dynamics":[201,214],"using":[202],"information-theoretic":[203],"loss":[204],"functions.":[205],"Numerical":[206],"experiments":[207],"show":[208],"our":[210],"simulations":[211],"reproduce":[212],"fidelities":[216],"near":[217],"unity":[218],"while":[219],"providing":[220],"richer":[222],"error":[223],"characterization":[224],"under":[225],"noise.":[227],"Moreover,":[228],"divergence-based":[229],"significantly":[231],"enhance":[232],"accuracy":[234],"robustness":[236],"compared":[237],"fidelity-based":[239],"metrics.":[240],"Together,":[241],"these":[242],"results":[243],"establish":[244],"proposed":[246],"route":[251],"advancing":[253],"platforms":[257],"motivate":[259],"future":[260],"work":[261],"error-attentive":[263],"spin\u2013quantum-dot":[266],"modeling.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T06:11:40.159057","created_date":"2025-11-03T00:00:00"}