{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413911934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090366","title":"ChatGPT\u2019s Expanding Horizons and Transformative Impact Across Domains: A Critical Review of Capabilities, Challenges, and Future Directions","display_name":"ChatGPT\u2019s Expanding Horizons and Transformative Impact Across Domains: A Critical Review of Capabilities, Challenges, and Future Directions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413911934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/366/pdf?version=1756818714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/366/pdf?version=1756818714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118743366","display_name":"Taiwo Feyijimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5752-4175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taiwo Raphael Feyijimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Engineering Education Transformations Institute (EETI), College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE), Engineering Education Transformations Institute (EETI), College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036552387","display_name":"John Aliu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5651-4009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Ogbeleakhu Aliu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Education Transformations Institute (EETI), College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Education Transformations Institute (EETI), College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077686048","display_name":"Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6551-8634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Group on Sustainable Infrastructure Management Plus (RG-SIM+), Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure 340110, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Group on Sustainable Infrastructure Management Plus (RG-SIM+), Department of Quantity Surveying, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure 340110, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049080447","display_name":"Douglas Aghimien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-5679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24027795","display_name":"University of Johannesburg","ror":"https://ror.org/04z6c2n17","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Omoregie Aghimien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24027795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036552387","https://openalex.org/A5118743366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.1939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90294069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"366","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9172000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"Transformative learning","score":0.8432704210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-horizons","display_name":"New horizons","score":0.7406573295593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.3563593924045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.35157084465026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-ethics","display_name":"Environmental ethics","score":0.3261970281600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23600462079048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.15187236666679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.09664478898048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.05172687768936157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.8432704210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992257854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48461","display_name":"New horizons","level":3,"score":0.7406573295593262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3563593924045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35157084465026855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.3261970281600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23600462079048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.15187236666679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09664478898048401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.05172687768936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29829512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40218","display_name":"Spacecraft","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/366/pdf?version=1756818714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d1483208882c4530a63ebdebfee4c296","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d1483208882c4530a63ebdebfee4c296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 366 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090366","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090366","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/366/pdf?version=1756818714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413911934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413911934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2792670011","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2955853369","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2981863007","https://openalex.org/W2996556191","https://openalex.org/W3023748452","https://openalex.org/W3133702157","https://openalex.org/W3179963059","https://openalex.org/W3203422089","https://openalex.org/W3204112174","https://openalex.org/W4213145388","https://openalex.org/W4246933807","https://openalex.org/W4287891177","https://openalex.org/W4311998329","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4324130227","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4367595583","https://openalex.org/W4381326155","https://openalex.org/W4382652843","https://openalex.org/W4384154918","https://openalex.org/W4385571689","https://openalex.org/W4385573010","https://openalex.org/W4385894687","https://openalex.org/W4386072877","https://openalex.org/W4386098991","https://openalex.org/W4386544117","https://openalex.org/W4386845850","https://openalex.org/W4387144847","https://openalex.org/W4387162877","https://openalex.org/W4387835442","https://openalex.org/W4387949708","https://openalex.org/W4388654530","https://openalex.org/W4388914441","https://openalex.org/W4389672268","https://openalex.org/W4389784425","https://openalex.org/W4390054202","https://openalex.org/W4390596893","https://openalex.org/W4390638022","https://openalex.org/W4391094120","https://openalex.org/W4391361874","https://openalex.org/W4391836235","https://openalex.org/W4392983637","https://openalex.org/W4393278592","https://openalex.org/W4393543619","https://openalex.org/W4394017136","https://openalex.org/W4394579747","https://openalex.org/W4394582474","https://openalex.org/W4394632581","https://openalex.org/W4396673785","https://openalex.org/W4398183782","https://openalex.org/W4399028114","https://openalex.org/W4400484590","https://openalex.org/W4400647169","https://openalex.org/W4400881459","https://openalex.org/W4401435850","https://openalex.org/W4402673977","https://openalex.org/W4403026072","https://openalex.org/W4403202015","https://openalex.org/W4404587912","https://openalex.org/W4404640425","https://openalex.org/W4404783211","https://openalex.org/W4406864172","https://openalex.org/W4406916423","https://openalex.org/W4407225773","https://openalex.org/W4407406739","https://openalex.org/W4407776787","https://openalex.org/W4407810413","https://openalex.org/W4408000419","https://openalex.org/W4408529253","https://openalex.org/W4409205627","https://openalex.org/W4409213636","https://openalex.org/W4409823793","https://openalex.org/W4410202262","https://openalex.org/W4410203956","https://openalex.org/W4410445470","https://openalex.org/W4413201823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2169196470","https://openalex.org/W3113185420","https://openalex.org/W4237580245","https://openalex.org/W4385368139","https://openalex.org/W4408519084","https://openalex.org/W2906134827","https://openalex.org/W4322745238","https://openalex.org/W4241245680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,158],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,51,85,103,114,152,244,258],"Chat":[4],"Generative":[5],"Pre-trained":[6],"Transformer":[7],"(ChatGPT)":[8],"marks":[9],"a":[10,47,112,192,216,262],"pivotal":[11],"moment":[12],"in":[13,77,135,140,147,156],"artificial":[14],"intelligence,":[15],"eliciting":[16],"responses":[17],"from":[18,28],"academic":[19],"shock":[20],"to":[21,120,173,188,230,266],"industrial":[22],"awe.":[23],"As":[24],"these":[25,97,128],"technologies":[26],"advance":[27],"passive":[29],"tools":[30],"toward":[31,106],"proactive,":[32],"agentic":[33,259],"systems,":[34,260],"their":[35],"transformative":[36],"potential":[37],"and":[38,67,81,100,125,149,201,227,235,248,252],"inherent":[39,83],"risks":[40],"are":[41,250],"magnified":[42,254],"globally.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45,207],"presents":[46],"comprehensive,":[48],"critical":[49],"review":[50,110],"ChatGPT\u2019s":[52],"impact":[53],"across":[54,167,268],"five":[55],"key":[56],"domains:":[57,129],"natural":[58],"language":[59],"understanding":[60],"(NLU),":[61],"content":[62,141],"generation,":[63],"knowledge":[64],"discovery,":[65],"education,":[66],"engineering.":[68,157,204],"While":[69],"ChatGPT":[70],"demonstrates":[71],"profound":[72],"capabilities,":[73],"significant":[74],"challenges":[75,243],"remain":[76],"factual":[78,245],"accuracy,":[79,246],"bias,":[80,247],"the":[82,91,101,122,130,137,143,150,238,242,256],"opacity":[84,249],"its":[86],"reasoning\u2014a":[87],"core":[88],"issue":[89],"termed":[90],"\u201cBlack":[92],"Box":[93],"Conundrum\u201d.":[94],"To":[95],"analyze":[96],"evolving":[98],"dynamics":[99],"implications":[102],"this":[104,109,206],"shift":[105,172],"autonomous":[107],"agency,":[108],"introduces":[111],"series":[113],"conceptual":[115],"frameworks,":[116],"each":[117],"specifically":[118],"designed":[119],"illuminate":[121],"complex":[123],"interactions":[124],"trade-offs":[126],"within":[127,183],"\u201cSpecialization":[131],"vs.":[132],"Generalization\u201d":[133],"tension":[134],"NLU;":[136],"\u201cQuality\u2013Scalability\u2013Ethics":[138],"Trilemma\u201d":[139],"creation;":[142],"\u201cPedagogical":[144],"Adaptation":[145],"Imperative\u201d":[146],"education;":[148],"emergence":[151,257],"\u201cHuman\u2013LLM":[153],"Cognitive":[154],"Symbiosis\u201d":[155],"analysis":[159,239],"reveals":[160,240],"an":[161,210],"urgent":[162],"need":[163],"for":[164,209],"proactive":[165,264],"adaptation":[166,267],"sectors.":[168,270],"Educational":[169],"paradigms":[170],"must":[171,186],"cultivate":[174],"higher-order":[175],"cognitive":[176,193],"skills,":[177],"while":[178],"professional":[179],"practices":[180,182],"(including":[181],"education":[184],"sector)":[185],"evolve":[187],"treat":[189],"AI":[190,233],"as":[191],"partner,":[194],"leveraging":[195],"techniques":[196],"like":[197],"Retrieval-Augmented":[198],"Generation":[199],"(RAG)":[200],"sophisticated":[202],"prompt":[203],"Ultimately,":[205,237],"argues":[208],"overarching":[211],"\u201cEthical\u2013Technical":[212],"Co-evolution":[213],"Imperative\u201d,":[214],"charting":[215],"forward-looking":[217],"research":[218],"agenda":[219],"that":[220,241],"intertwines":[221],"technological":[222],"innovation":[223],"with":[224],"vigorous":[225],"ethical":[226],"methodological":[228],"standards":[229],"ensure":[231],"responsible":[232],"development":[234],"integration.":[236],"interconnected":[251],"acutely":[253],"by":[255],"demanding":[261],"unified,":[263],"approach":[265],"all":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}