{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413922405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090362","title":"A Graph Attention Network Combining Multifaceted Element Relationships for Full Document-Level Understanding","display_name":"A Graph Attention Network Combining Multifaceted Element Relationships for Full Document-Level Understanding","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413922405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/362/pdf?version=1756709624","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/362/pdf?version=1756709624","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082357372","display_name":"Lorenzo Vaiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-1577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Vaiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3605-1577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103070396","display_name":"Davide Napolitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-4103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Napolitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9077-4103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001746215","display_name":"Luca Cagliero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-5247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Cagliero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7185-5247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Automatica e Informatica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129 Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001746215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19437181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"362","last_page":"362"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5305343866348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5284514427185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.4950098395347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"Attention network","score":0.41297489404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.39477136731147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.28761911392211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22118371725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0712997317314148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5305343866348267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5284514427185059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.4950098395347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.41297489404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.39477136731147766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.28761911392211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22118371725082397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0712997317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/362/pdf?version=1756709624","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5de66f351a934d6aa546c78259c75905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5de66f351a934d6aa546c78259c75905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 362 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090362","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090362","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/362/pdf?version=1756709624","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413922405.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413922405.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2970231061","https://openalex.org/W3003484198","https://openalex.org/W3034336960","https://openalex.org/W4285255856","https://openalex.org/W4304013646","https://openalex.org/W4385237494","https://openalex.org/W4385574075","https://openalex.org/W4385574407","https://openalex.org/W4385982258","https://openalex.org/W4386076522","https://openalex.org/W4386806337","https://openalex.org/W4387846611","https://openalex.org/W4402423807","https://openalex.org/W4402702988","https://openalex.org/W4402704527","https://openalex.org/W4402716395","https://openalex.org/W4404782013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4392094631","https://openalex.org/W4389995241","https://openalex.org/W4320149722","https://openalex.org/W3213655484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Question":[0],"answering":[1],"from":[2],"visually":[3],"rich":[4],"documents":[5],"(VRDs)":[6],"is":[7,93,136],"the":[8,12,22,30,35,48,52,55,67,96,101,114,118,145],"task":[9],"of":[10,24,47,113],"retrieving":[11],"correct":[13],"answer":[14,39],"to":[15,64,84,117,133,138,162],"a":[16,44,72,81,85,91,127],"natural":[17],"language":[18],"question":[19],"by":[20],"considering":[21],"content":[23],"textual":[25],"and":[26,87,148],"visual":[27],"elements":[28],"in":[29,71],"document,":[31],"as":[32,34],"well":[33],"pages\u2019":[36],"layout.":[37],"To":[38],"closed-ended":[40],"questions":[41],"that":[42,155],"require":[43],"deep":[45],"understanding":[46,58],"hierarchical":[49],"relationships":[50,70],"between":[51],"elements,":[53,107],"i.e.,":[54,144],"full":[56],"document-level":[57],"(FDU)":[59],"task,":[60],"state-of-the-art":[61],"graph-based":[62],"approaches":[63],"FDU":[65],"model":[66],"pairwise":[68],"element":[69],"graph":[73,129],"model.":[74],"Although":[75],"they":[76,98],"incorporate":[77],"logical":[78],"links":[79],"(e.g.,":[80,90],"caption":[82,92],"refers":[83],"figure)":[86],"spatial":[88],"ones":[89],"placed":[94],"below":[95],"figure),":[97],"currently":[99],"disregard":[100],"semantic":[102,149],"similarity":[103],"among":[104],"multimodal":[105],"document":[106,142],"thus":[108],"potentially":[109],"yielding":[110],"suboptimal":[111],"scoring":[112],"elements\u2019":[115,150],"relevance":[116],"input":[119],"question.":[120],"In":[121],"this":[122],"paper,":[123],"we":[124],"propose":[125],"GRAS-FDU,":[126],"new":[128],"attention":[130],"network":[131],"tailored":[132],"FDU.":[134],"GATS-FDU":[135],"trained":[137],"jointly":[139],"consider":[140],"multiple":[141],"facets,":[143],"local,":[146],"spatial,":[147],"relationships.":[151],"The":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"our":[156],"approach":[157],"achieves":[158],"superior":[159],"performance":[160],"compared":[161],"several":[163],"baseline":[164],"methods.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
