{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413824855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090359","title":"Exploring the Synergy Between Ethereum Layer 2 Solutions and Machine Learning to Improve Blockchain Scalability","display_name":"Exploring the Synergy Between Ethereum Layer 2 Solutions and Machine Learning to Improve Blockchain Scalability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413824855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090359","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/359/pdf?version=1756477338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/359/pdf?version=1756477338","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119474724","display_name":"Andrada Cristina Artenie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrada Cristina Artenie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computers and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 2 V. Parvan Blvd, 300223 Timisoara, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computers and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 2 V. Parvan Blvd, 300223 Timisoara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117071120","display_name":"Diana Laura Silaghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3122695212","display_name":"Polytechnic University of Timi\u015foara","ror":"https://ror.org/02v91gy68","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Laura Silaghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computers and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 2 V. Parvan Blvd, 300223 Timisoara, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computers and Information Technology, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 2 V. Parvan Blvd, 300223 Timisoara, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3122695212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068349776","display_name":"Daniela Elena Popescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-5178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162871001","display_name":"University of Oradea","ror":"https://ror.org/00wzhv093","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162871001"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Elena Popescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computers and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computers and Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162871001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068349776","https://openalex.org/A5119474724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162871001","https://openalex.org/I3122695212"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":3.3959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9367193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"359","last_page":"359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9302999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9664628505706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8277751207351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6432745456695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5975881814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3335952162742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3111342787742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.30175071954727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.058569490909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.04751121997833252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9664628505706787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8277751207351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6432745456695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5975881814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3335952162742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3111342787742615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.30175071954727173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.058569490909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.04751121997833252}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090359","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/359/pdf?version=1756477338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7ad6f684dcd4436288d0af6a552aa71c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7ad6f684dcd4436288d0af6a552aa71c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 359 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14090359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14090359","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/9/359/pdf?version=1756477338","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413824855.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413824855.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2901943454","https://openalex.org/W2948052034","https://openalex.org/W2979990733","https://openalex.org/W2998762116","https://openalex.org/W3000385461","https://openalex.org/W3012241133","https://openalex.org/W3039746697","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3136753322","https://openalex.org/W3202990235","https://openalex.org/W3206079648","https://openalex.org/W3216244087","https://openalex.org/W4225552360","https://openalex.org/W4285128796","https://openalex.org/W4292387255","https://openalex.org/W4296437702","https://openalex.org/W4306292967","https://openalex.org/W4308192654","https://openalex.org/W4309737257","https://openalex.org/W4313158075","https://openalex.org/W4313291145","https://openalex.org/W4313400761","https://openalex.org/W4319079817","https://openalex.org/W4380361096","https://openalex.org/W4384026583","https://openalex.org/W4389961040","https://openalex.org/W4390637043","https://openalex.org/W4390970563","https://openalex.org/W4393066973","https://openalex.org/W4393141372","https://openalex.org/W4398146993","https://openalex.org/W4399576205","https://openalex.org/W4400410098","https://openalex.org/W4401386188","https://openalex.org/W4401996290","https://openalex.org/W4402378763","https://openalex.org/W4403722431","https://openalex.org/W4404180127","https://openalex.org/W4406466757","https://openalex.org/W4407315442","https://openalex.org/W4407787914","https://openalex.org/W4408527337","https://openalex.org/W4409621915","https://openalex.org/W4410040324","https://openalex.org/W4410724048","https://openalex.org/W4411037696","https://openalex.org/W4411121619","https://openalex.org/W4411266576","https://openalex.org/W4412726368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4388131927","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W2155470929","https://openalex.org/W2111125783","https://openalex.org/W2394465510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technologies,":[1],"despite":[2],"their":[3,92,119],"profound":[4],"transformative":[5],"potential":[6],"across":[7],"multiple":[8],"industries,":[9],"continue":[10],"to":[11,35,56,63],"face":[12],"significant":[13],"scalability":[14],"challenges.":[15],"These":[16],"limitations":[17],"are":[18,97],"primarily":[19],"observed":[20],"in":[21,100],"restricted":[22],"transaction":[23,76],"throughput":[24,79],"and":[25,39,67,80,133,142],"elevated":[26],"latency,":[27],"which":[28],"hinder":[29],"the":[30,64,85,88,101,125,129],"ability":[31],"of":[32,87,127],"blockchain":[33,58],"networks":[34],"support":[36],"widespread":[37,146],"adoption":[38],"high-volume":[40],"applications.":[41],"To":[42,103],"address":[43,104],"these":[44],"issues,":[45],"research":[46],"has":[47],"predominantly":[48],"focused":[49],"on":[50,113],"Layer":[51,71,94,115],"1":[52],"solutions":[53,73],"that":[54],"seek":[55],"improve":[57],"performance":[59],"through":[60],"fundamental":[61],"modifications":[62],"core":[65],"protocol":[66],"architectural":[68],"design.":[69],"Alternatively,":[70],"2":[72,95,116],"enable":[74],"off-chain":[75],"processing,":[77],"increasing":[78],"reducing":[81],"costs":[82],"while":[83],"maintaining":[84],"security":[86],"base":[89],"layer.":[90],"Despite":[91],"advantages,":[93],"approaches":[96],"less":[98],"explored":[99],"literature.":[102],"this":[105,107,136],"gap,":[106],"review":[108,137],"conducts":[109],"an":[110],"in-depth":[111],"analysis":[112],"Ethereum":[114],"frameworks,":[117],"emphasizing":[118],"integration":[120],"with":[121,124],"machine-learning":[122],"techniques,":[123],"goal":[126],"promoting":[128],"prevailing":[130],"best":[131],"practices":[132],"emerging":[134],"applications;":[135],"also":[138],"identifies":[139],"key":[140],"technical":[141],"operational":[143],"challenges":[144],"hindering":[145],"adoption.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
