{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413376415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080342","title":"A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies in IoT: Technical Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions","display_name":"A Comprehensive Review of Sensor Technologies in IoT: Technical Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413376415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14080342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/8/342/pdf?version=1755771087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/8/342/pdf?version=1755771087","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017117569","display_name":"Sadiq H. Abdulhussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadiq H. Abdulhussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-0082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020675008","display_name":"Basheera M. Mahmmod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-0843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basheera M. Mahmmod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-0843","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095371100","display_name":"Almuntadher Alwhelat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1511-3991"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Almuntadher Alwhelat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad 10022, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1511-3991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad 10022, Iraq","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050289622","display_name":"Dina Shehada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132806614","display_name":"University of Dubai","ror":"https://ror.org/05h0z7c09","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dina Shehada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai 14143, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7711-5389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and IT, University of Dubai, Dubai 14143, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119369700","display_name":"Zainab I. Shihab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zainab I. Shihab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003175428","display_name":"Hala J. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-0448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hala J. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-0448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106247931","display_name":"Tuqa Hani Abd-Alamir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4297-2130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuqa H. Abdulameer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4297-2130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067180435","display_name":"Muntadher Alsabah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-3093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200352","display_name":"Al-Farahidi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0409yxb12","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200352"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muntadher Alsabah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7937-3093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401200352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maryam H. Fadel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam H. Fadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Susan K. Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan K. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119369698","display_name":"Ghadeer H. Abbood","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghadeer H. Abbood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119369699","display_name":"Zianab A. Asker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zianab A. Asker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Baghdad 10071, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025789067","display_name":"Abir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-0045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050289622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132806614"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":35.731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99899041,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"342","last_page":"342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6818364262580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45958107709884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.44594964385032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40194523334503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.348952978849411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16805630922317505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6818364262580872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45958107709884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.44594964385032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40194523334503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.348952978849411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16805630922317505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14080342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/8/342/pdf?version=1755771087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:770da10f5991474688e43967bba16800","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/770da10f5991474688e43967bba16800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 342 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14080342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14080342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/8/342/pdf?version=1755771087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413376415.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413376415.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":215,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24766020","https://openalex.org/W281699245","https://openalex.org/W1555856491","https://openalex.org/W1572898510","https://openalex.org/W1847812067","https://openalex.org/W1968198770","https://openalex.org/W1973887715","https://openalex.org/W1985738017","https://openalex.org/W1994722684","https://openalex.org/W2008705190","https://openalex.org/W2023647137","https://openalex.org/W2027788633","https://openalex.org/W2031230344","https://openalex.org/W2037884469","https://openalex.org/W2044330180","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2070735503","https://openalex.org/W2111075016","https://openalex.org/W2124458090","https://openalex.org/W2129609617","https://openalex.org/W2131496831","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2137243960","https://openalex.org/W2138687057","https://openalex.org/W2139356817","https://openalex.org/W2144321582","https://openalex.org/W2162276664","https://openalex.org/W2168407045","https://openalex.org/W2295733769","https://openalex.org/W2359993873","https://openalex.org/W2392395307","https://openalex.org/W2476054604","https://openalex.org/W2534419530","https://openalex.org/W2566752926","https://openalex.org/W2573003069","https://openalex.org/W2583648215","https://openalex.org/W2625887608","https://openalex.org/W2740686995","https://openalex.org/W2740884108","https://openalex.org/W2768123168","https://openalex.org/W2773114607","https://openalex.org/W2789150890","https://openalex.org/W2791256869","https://openalex.org/W2792181692","https://openalex.org/W2802658671","https://openalex.org/W2806175644","https://openalex.org/W2891171053","https://openalex.org/W2897377773","https://openalex.org/W2906199404","https://openalex.org/W2906834744","https://openalex.org/W2912357998","https://openalex.org/W2920151315","https://openalex.org/W2926396058","https://openalex.org/W2950036832","https://openalex.org/W2962772608","https://openalex.org/W2963506458","https://openalex.org/W2964535757","https://openalex.org/W2965831677","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2977135810","https://openalex.org/W2979561210","https://openalex.org/W2993853848","https://openalex.org/W2998876082","https://openalex.org/W3000075736","https://openalex.org/W3025469716","https://openalex.org/W3025798404","https://openalex.org/W3031436417","https://openalex.org/W3036105398","https://openalex.org/W3045086480","https://openalex.org/W3047269164","https://openalex.org/W3047954424","https://openalex.org/W3080420889","https://openalex.org/W3081745645","https://openalex.org/W3083963384","https://openalex.org/W3109763490","https://openalex.org/W3112059246","https://openalex.org/W3112209575","https://openalex.org/W3115857154","https://openalex.org/W3118968192","https://openalex.org/W3120184278","https://openalex.org/W3120512242","https://openalex.org/W3123605820","https://openalex.org/W3126951392","https://openalex.org/W3128566938","https://openalex.org/W3132432984","https://openalex.org/W3138412014","https://openalex.org/W3138748647","https://openalex.org/W3152611498","https://openalex.org/W3153059042","https://openalex.org/W3157966970","https://openalex.org/W3164662384","https://openalex.org/W3168965751","https://openalex.org/W3170184482","https://openalex.org/W3184344653","https://openalex.org/W3185994011","https://openalex.org/W3192416120","https://openalex.org/W3194077052","https://openalex.org/W3194791296","https://openalex.org/W3196704696","https://openalex.org/W3198178423","https://openalex.org/W3211304744","https://openalex.org/W3213359548","https://openalex.org/W3214018960","https://openalex.org/W4206336015","https://openalex.org/W4210702638","https://openalex.org/W4211073895","https://openalex.org/W4220871983","https://openalex.org/W4226291003","https://openalex.org/W4242573879","https://openalex.org/W4282560655","https://openalex.org/W4282592462","https://openalex.org/W4283366757","https://openalex.org/W4283704545","https://openalex.org/W4291972732","https://openalex.org/W4295591987","https://openalex.org/W4296417102","https://openalex.org/W4303980550","https://openalex.org/W4304585049","https://openalex.org/W4304630348","https://openalex.org/W4309033871","https://openalex.org/W4312823481","https://openalex.org/W4313397769","https://openalex.org/W4315570194","https://openalex.org/W4317617269","https://openalex.org/W4318829322","https://openalex.org/W4319721326","https://openalex.org/W4322618267","https://openalex.org/W4323263364","https://openalex.org/W4360977307","https://openalex.org/W4361217189","https://openalex.org/W4362680969","https://openalex.org/W4377044009","https://openalex.org/W4378078234","https://openalex.org/W4380050697","https://openalex.org/W4380564395","https://openalex.org/W4381336334","https://openalex.org/W4382703985","https://openalex.org/W4384158792","https://openalex.org/W4385298772","https://openalex.org/W4385452944","https://openalex.org/W4385801745","https://openalex.org/W4385852310","https://openalex.org/W4385933110","https://openalex.org/W4386495749","https://openalex.org/W4387182957","https://openalex.org/W4388016506","https://openalex.org/W4388022309","https://openalex.org/W4388630904","https://openalex.org/W4389151545","https://openalex.org/W4389193133","https://openalex.org/W4389203612","https://openalex.org/W4389254439","https://openalex.org/W4389340805","https://openalex.org/W4389485285","https://openalex.org/W4389592800","https://openalex.org/W4389946774","https://openalex.org/W4390107785","https://openalex.org/W4390576609","https://openalex.org/W4391295733","https://openalex.org/W4391327986","https://openalex.org/W4391576669","https://openalex.org/W4391609647","https://openalex.org/W4391821278","https://openalex.org/W4391953359","https://openalex.org/W4392016427","https://openalex.org/W4392368358","https://openalex.org/W4393171418","https://openalex.org/W4394996015","https://openalex.org/W4394998206","https://openalex.org/W4396711264","https://openalex.org/W4399357663","https://openalex.org/W4399480395","https://openalex.org/W4399649813","https://openalex.org/W4399895953","https://openalex.org/W4399997777","https://openalex.org/W4400463702","https://openalex.org/W4400525156","https://openalex.org/W4400726094","https://openalex.org/W4401071568","https://openalex.org/W4401090566","https://openalex.org/W4401331324","https://openalex.org/W4401358875","https://openalex.org/W4401430182","https://openalex.org/W4401486762","https://openalex.org/W4401953100","https://openalex.org/W4402301247","https://openalex.org/W4402485607","https://openalex.org/W4402571353","https://openalex.org/W4403045824","https://openalex.org/W4403138910","https://openalex.org/W4403199632","https://openalex.org/W4403463996","https://openalex.org/W4403837518","https://openalex.org/W4405098033","https://openalex.org/W4405721203","https://openalex.org/W4405912355","https://openalex.org/W4405999113","https://openalex.org/W4406617430","https://openalex.org/W4407877400","https://openalex.org/W4408047921","https://openalex.org/W4412093083","https://openalex.org/W6679043628","https://openalex.org/W6721540138","https://openalex.org/W6728498399","https://openalex.org/W6741360560","https://openalex.org/W6774576781","https://openalex.org/W6792131445","https://openalex.org/W6796392102","https://openalex.org/W6803466229","https://openalex.org/W6856167182","https://openalex.org/W6858886019","https://openalex.org/W6861202559","https://openalex.org/W6872901128","https://openalex.org/W6875648680","https://openalex.org/W6986925969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"advancements":[2,147,245],"in":[3,19,116,137,166,246],"wireless":[4,118],"technology":[5],"and":[6,37,50,106,113,133,148,162,178,198,212,227,241],"digital":[7],"electronics":[8],"have":[9],"led":[10],"to":[11,31,91,231,239],"the":[12,29,67,70,79,134,157,172],"widespread":[13],"adoption":[14],"of":[15,22,61,69,81,96,127,145,160,175,183],"compact,":[16],"intelligent":[17],"devices":[18,45,84],"various":[20],"aspects":[21],"daily":[23],"life.":[24],"These":[25],"advanced":[26],"systems":[27],"possess":[28],"capability":[30],"sense":[32],"environmental":[33],"changes,":[34],"process":[35],"data,":[36],"communicate":[38],"seamlessly":[39],"within":[40,103],"interconnected":[41],"networks.":[42,87],"Typically,":[43],"such":[44],"integrate":[46],"low-power":[47],"radio":[48],"transmitters":[49],"multiple":[51],"smart":[52],"sensors,":[53],"hence":[54],"enabling":[55],"efficient":[56],"functionality":[57],"across":[58],"wide":[59],"ranges":[60],"applications.":[62,169],"Alongside":[63],"these":[64],"technological":[65,168],"developments,":[66,190],"concept":[68],"IoT":[71,104],"has":[72],"emerged":[73],"as":[74,219],"a":[75,93,124,142,153],"transformative":[76],"paradigm,":[77],"facilitating":[78,244],"interconnection":[80],"uniquely":[82],"identifiable":[83],"through":[85],"internet-based":[86],"This":[88,234],"paper":[89,217],"aims":[90],"provide":[92],"comprehensive":[94],"exploration":[95],"sensor":[97,128,150,176,225,247],"technologies,":[98,129],"detailing":[99],"their":[100,108,163,184,228],"integral":[101],"role":[102,165],"frameworks":[105],"examining":[107],"impact":[109],"on":[110,156],"optimizing":[111],"efficiency":[112],"service":[114],"delivery":[115],"modern":[117,167],"communications":[119],"systems.":[120],"Also,":[121],"it":[122],"presents":[123],"thorough":[125],"review":[126],"current":[130],"research":[131,196],"trends,":[132],"associated":[135],"challenges":[136,197],"this":[138,191,216],"evolving":[139],"field,":[140],"providing":[141],"detailed":[143],"explanation":[144],"recent":[146],"IoT-integrated":[149],"systems,":[151],"with":[152],"particular":[154],"emphasis":[155],"fundamental":[158,185],"architecture":[159],"sensors":[161],"pivotal":[164],"It":[170],"explores":[171],"core":[173],"benefits":[174],"technologies":[177,226],"delivers":[179],"an":[180,220],"in-depth":[181],"classification":[182],"types.":[186],"Beyond":[187],"reviewing":[188],"existing":[189],"study":[192,235],"identifies":[193],"key":[194],"open":[195],"outlines":[199],"prospective":[200],"directions":[201],"for":[202,208,223],"future":[203],"exploration,":[204],"offering":[205],"valuable":[206],"insights":[207],"both":[209],"academic":[210,240],"researchers":[211],"industry":[213],"professionals.":[214],"Ultimately,":[215],"serves":[218],"essential":[221],"reference":[222],"understanding":[224],"potential":[229],"contributions":[230,238],"IoT-driven":[232],"solutions.":[233],"offers":[236],"meaningful":[237],"industrial":[242],"sectors,":[243],"innovation.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
