{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411286169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060232","title":"RVR Blockchain Consensus: A Verifiable, Weighted-Random, Byzantine-Tolerant Framework for Smart Grid Energy Trading","display_name":"RVR Blockchain Consensus: A Verifiable, Weighted-Random, Byzantine-Tolerant Framework for Smart Grid Energy Trading","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411286169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749781193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749781193","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082896756","display_name":"Huijian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huijian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Information Processing, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Information Processing, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022847217","display_name":"Xiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1933-7669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Information Processing, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Information Processing, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005373524","display_name":"Jining Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0357-6802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112430","display_name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health and Family Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/022z3g211","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jining Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Digital Infrastructure, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Information Center, Nanning 530000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Digital Infrastructure, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Information Center, Nanning 530000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022847217"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19669266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"232","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9256305694580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.8556850552558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.8083122968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5886175632476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-architecture","display_name":"Byzantine architecture","score":0.4440957307815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4169726073741913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4139305353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31456416845321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.24549180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.07975098490715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-history","display_name":"Ancient history","score":0.051638126373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.04679116606712341}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9256305694580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.8556850552558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.8083122968673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5886175632476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104562893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47591","display_name":"Byzantine architecture","level":2,"score":0.4440957307815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4169726073741913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4139305353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31456416845321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.24549180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.07975098490715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.051638126373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.04679116606712341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749781193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:028ddd9fdf884bdeb528e860874851e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/028ddd9fdf884bdeb528e860874851e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 232 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14060232","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14060232","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/6/232/pdf?version=1749781193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411286169.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411286169.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185290757","https://openalex.org/W1962262455","https://openalex.org/W1980396830","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2140036537","https://openalex.org/W2167882086","https://openalex.org/W2324075865","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2760260455","https://openalex.org/W2794295488","https://openalex.org/W2794717484","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2854620367","https://openalex.org/W2907349043","https://openalex.org/W2914374206","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2949494275","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2964183318","https://openalex.org/W2998762116","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3127907851","https://openalex.org/W3135408114","https://openalex.org/W3140691301","https://openalex.org/W3162088739","https://openalex.org/W3202787464","https://openalex.org/W4312432373","https://openalex.org/W4317490010","https://openalex.org/W4386174973","https://openalex.org/W4396765022","https://openalex.org/W6674594504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"technology":[1],"empowers":[2],"decentralized":[3],"transactions":[4],"in":[5],"smart":[6],"grids,":[7],"but":[8],"existing":[9],"consensus":[10,25],"algorithms":[11],"face":[12],"efficiency":[13],"and":[14,37,52,78,93],"security":[15],"bottlenecks":[16],"under":[17,64,79],"Byzantine":[18],"attacks.":[19],"This":[20],"article":[21],"proposes":[22],"the":[23,68,83],"RVR":[24],"algorithm,":[26],"which":[27],"innovatively":[28],"integrates":[29],"dynamic":[30,47],"reputation":[31,50],"evaluation,":[32],"verifiable":[33],"random":[34,55],"function":[35],"(VRF),":[36],"a":[38,65,80],"weight-driven":[39],"probability":[40],"election":[41,57],"mechanism":[42],"to":[43,76],"achieve":[44],"(1)":[45],"behavior-aware":[46],"adjustment":[48],"of":[49],"weights":[51],"(2)":[53],"manipulation-resistant":[54],"leader":[56],"via":[58],"VRF.":[59],"Experimental":[60],"verification":[61],"shows":[62],"that":[63],"silence":[66],"attack,":[67,82],"maximum":[69,84],"latency":[70],"is":[71,86],"reduced":[72],"by":[73,88],"37.88%":[74],"compared":[75],"HotStuff,":[77],"forking":[81],"throughput":[85],"increased":[87],"50.66%,":[89],"providing":[90],"an":[91],"efficient":[92],"secure":[94],"new":[95],"paradigm":[96],"for":[97],"distributed":[98],"energy":[99],"trading.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
