{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407640451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020074","title":"Modified Ant Colony Optimization to Improve Energy Consumption of Cruiser Boundary Tour with Internet of Underwater Things","display_name":"Modified Ant Colony Optimization to Improve Energy Consumption of Cruiser Boundary Tour with Internet of Underwater Things","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407640451","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14020074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/2/74/pdf?version=1739861418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/2/74/pdf?version=1739861418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110296664","display_name":"H. A. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2258"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hadeel Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Vocational Education, Iraq Ministry of Education, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Vocational Education, Iraq Ministry of Education, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026654760","display_name":"Mustafa Ibrahim Mansoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Computer Center, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Computer Center, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034511947","display_name":"Ahmed R. Nasser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9731-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Raoof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016153721","display_name":"Amjad J. Humaidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171256487","display_name":"University of Technology - Iraq","ror":"https://ror.org/01w1ehb86","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Jaleel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052471696","display_name":"Ayad Q. Al-Dujaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1126-3290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115078","display_name":"Middle Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fvkg758","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayad Q. Al-Dujaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad 10001, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115078"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016153721","https://openalex.org/A5026654760","https://openalex.org/A5110296664"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171256487","https://openalex.org/I56409017"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":9.38,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98065403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"74","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.7468734979629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7216612100601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6611238121986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5757420063018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5449109077453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5313138365745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.490695595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.44407689571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44305911660194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.43048399686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30067622661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25313717126846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23414644598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22169721126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1565738320350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10094577074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09730827808380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08637061715126038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.7468734979629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7216612100601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6611238121986389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5757420063018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5449109077453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5313138365745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.490695595741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44407689571380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44305911660194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.43048399686813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30067622661590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25313717126846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23414644598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22169721126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1565738320350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10094577074050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09730827808380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08637061715126038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14020074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/2/74/pdf?version=1739861418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a7c59d3965d45eeae03921e0b38cbe5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a7c59d3965d45eeae03921e0b38cbe5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 14, Iss 2, p 74 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers14020074","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers14020074","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/14/2/74/pdf?version=1739861418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407640451.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036098206","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2292566889","https://openalex.org/W2474708133","https://openalex.org/W2548892911","https://openalex.org/W2736561157","https://openalex.org/W2787116942","https://openalex.org/W2891327830","https://openalex.org/W2898165977","https://openalex.org/W2918847850","https://openalex.org/W2995813337","https://openalex.org/W3000374284","https://openalex.org/W3025221829","https://openalex.org/W3153001170","https://openalex.org/W3168638319","https://openalex.org/W3197547952","https://openalex.org/W3200454905","https://openalex.org/W3215988320","https://openalex.org/W4205369759","https://openalex.org/W4283034251","https://openalex.org/W4293212900","https://openalex.org/W4299796063","https://openalex.org/W4319756908","https://openalex.org/W4378194614","https://openalex.org/W4385557357","https://openalex.org/W4387272185","https://openalex.org/W4389833619","https://openalex.org/W4390362898","https://openalex.org/W4391855962","https://openalex.org/W4392410755","https://openalex.org/W4394630918","https://openalex.org/W4398206401","https://openalex.org/W4400590990","https://openalex.org/W4400612778","https://openalex.org/W4402170787","https://openalex.org/W4406091544","https://openalex.org/W6721245020","https://openalex.org/W6771909137","https://openalex.org/W6859898074","https://openalex.org/W6864487184"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2727311809","https://openalex.org/W2182624400","https://openalex.org/W2767428579","https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W2365800168","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W1992807692","https://openalex.org/W3168963531","https://openalex.org/W2591930867","https://openalex.org/W4285338599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87,114],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,38,52,58,98,103],"Underwater":[3],"Things":[4],"(IoUT)":[5],"holds":[6],"significant":[7],"promise":[8],"for":[9,62],"developing":[10],"a":[11,72,178],"smart":[12],"ocean.":[13],"In":[14,69],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"there":[17],"has":[18],"been":[19],"swift":[20],"progress":[21],"in":[22,42,121,151],"data":[23,143],"collection":[24],"methods":[25],"using":[26],"autonomous":[27],"underwater":[28,32,53],"vehicles":[29,54],"(AUVs)":[30],"within":[31],"acoustic":[33],"sensor":[34,108,127,171],"networks":[35],"(UASNs).":[36],"One":[37],"the":[39,43,48,56,95,100,118,126,135,141,148,152,154,164],"key":[40],"challenges":[41],"IoUT":[44],"is":[45,76],"improving":[46],"both":[47],"energy":[49,112],"consumption":[50,176],"(EC)":[51],"and":[55,160,177],"value":[57],"information":[59,172],"(VoI)":[60],"necessary":[61],"completing":[63],"missions":[64],"while":[65,129],"gathering":[66],"sensing":[67],"data.":[68],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"hybrid":[73],"optimization":[74,85,89,115],"technique":[75],"proposed":[77,88,155],"based":[78],"on":[79],"boundary":[80],"tour":[81],"modified":[82],"ant":[83],"colony":[84],"(BTMACO).":[86],"algorithm":[90,116],"was":[91],"developed":[92],"to":[93,123,133,140,169],"solve":[94],"challenging":[96],"problem":[97],"determining":[99],"optimal":[101],"path":[102],"an":[104],"AUV":[105],"visiting":[106],"all":[107,125],"nodes":[109],"with":[110,147,173],"minimum":[111,174],"consumption.":[113],"specifies":[117],"best":[119,165],"order":[120],"which":[122,168],"visit":[124],"nodes,":[128],"it":[130,161],"also":[131],"works":[132,150],"adjust":[134],"AUV\u2019s":[136],"information-gathering":[137],"locations":[138],"according":[139],"permissible":[142],"transmission":[144],"range.":[145],"Compared":[146],"related":[149],"literature,":[153],"method":[156],"showed":[157],"better":[158,180],"performance,":[159],"can":[162],"find":[163],"route":[166],"through":[167],"collect":[170],"power":[175],"6.9%":[179],"VoI.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}