{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403216495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13100255","title":"Spatiotemporal Bayesian Machine Learning for Estimation of an Empirical Lower Bound for Probability of Detection with Applications to Stationary Wildlife Photography","display_name":"Spatiotemporal Bayesian Machine Learning for Estimation of an Empirical Lower Bound for Probability of Detection with Applications to Stationary Wildlife Photography","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403216495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13100255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13100255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13100255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/255/pdf?version=1728380098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/255/pdf?version=1728380098","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084744256","display_name":"Mohamed Jaber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106959904","display_name":"Florida Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04atsbb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Jaber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043792418","display_name":"Robert D. Breininger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106959904","display_name":"Florida Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04atsbb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Breininger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090986149","display_name":"Farag Hamad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106959904","display_name":"Florida Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04atsbb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farag Hamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073288182","display_name":"Nezamoddin N. Kachouie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9397-1807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106959904","display_name":"Florida Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04atsbb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nezamoddin N. Kachouie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073288182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106959904"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":0.4249,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70602295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"255","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12073","display_name":"Isotope Analysis in Ecology","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.6850845217704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photography","display_name":"Photography","score":0.6004284024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5254042744636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5030869841575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48949897289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.48434507846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wildlife","display_name":"Wildlife","score":0.4245827794075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-photography","display_name":"Aerial photography","score":0.4206625819206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayes-theorem","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","score":0.4138534963130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32457005977630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.2595124840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1974780261516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.10977205634117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.10546204447746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.1001637876033783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08429291844367981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.6850845217704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119657128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11633","display_name":"Photography","level":2,"score":0.6004284024238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5254042744636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5030869841575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48949897289276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.48434507846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29376679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241741","display_name":"Wildlife","level":2,"score":0.4245827794075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133214962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial photography","level":2,"score":0.4206625819206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.4138534963130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32457005977630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2595124840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1974780261516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.10977205634117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10546204447746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.1001637876033783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08429291844367981}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13100255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13100255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/255/pdf?version=1728380098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98fcec5be3664ef688e27ecf04043635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98fcec5be3664ef688e27ecf04043635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 255 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13100255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13100255","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/255/pdf?version=1728380098","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403216495.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1748192004","https://openalex.org/W1973946899","https://openalex.org/W1976075926","https://openalex.org/W1981350897","https://openalex.org/W1991291766","https://openalex.org/W2005690259","https://openalex.org/W2012024433","https://openalex.org/W2020608418","https://openalex.org/W2034427376","https://openalex.org/W2063523103","https://openalex.org/W2068002455","https://openalex.org/W2076364172","https://openalex.org/W2084734423","https://openalex.org/W2087311707","https://openalex.org/W2096971206","https://openalex.org/W2096999817","https://openalex.org/W2114661874","https://openalex.org/W2271361270","https://openalex.org/W2293693960","https://openalex.org/W2475752340","https://openalex.org/W2498805680","https://openalex.org/W2525866717","https://openalex.org/W2606816608","https://openalex.org/W2766621091","https://openalex.org/W2914254853","https://openalex.org/W3004769034","https://openalex.org/W3007446848","https://openalex.org/W3100646958","https://openalex.org/W3159440844","https://openalex.org/W4389135912","https://openalex.org/W6637680519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2611300873","https://openalex.org/W2000315402","https://openalex.org/W2361909619","https://openalex.org/W3118313439","https://openalex.org/W3113123330","https://openalex.org/W2164318214","https://openalex.org/W4385791615","https://openalex.org/W2799487830","https://openalex.org/W596331220","https://openalex.org/W1571751755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"parameter":[2],"in":[3,72,138,261],"the":[4,10,58,64,68,79,83,90,99,152,155,158,173,209,232,242,262,267,274,278],"monitoring":[5,16,128,163,253],"and":[6,26,36,44,71,102,257,273],"surveillance":[7],"systems":[8,17],"is":[9,93,109,149,203,215,224,247],"probability":[11,66,123,146,168,198,219,244,279],"of":[12,33,46,57,67,78,98,106,124,126,135,147,154,169,199,208,220,231,245,259,280],"detection.":[13,281],"Advanced":[14],"wildlife":[15,24,190],"rely":[18],"on":[19,63,75],"camera":[20,84,91,193,263,268,271],"traps":[21],"for":[22,31,42,95,122,145,188,205],"stationary":[23,189],"photography":[25],"have":[27],"been":[28],"broadly":[29],"used":[30],"estimation":[32,43,97,182,207],"population":[34,49,60,100,136,210,233],"size":[35,50,61,101,137,234],"density.":[37,103],"Camera":[38],"encounters":[39,81],"are":[40],"collected":[41],"management":[45],"a":[47,111,119,127,167,180,192,196,217,228,240],"growing":[48],"using":[51,235],"spatial":[52],"capture":[53],"models.":[54],"The":[55,104,162,255],"accuracy":[56],"estimated":[59],"relies":[62],"detection":[65,125,148,170,197,221,246],"individual":[69,275],"animals,":[70],"turn":[73],"depends":[74],"observed":[76],"frequency":[77],"animal":[80],"with":[82,195],"traps.":[85],"Therefore,":[86],"optimal":[87],"coverage":[88,272],"by":[89],"grid":[92,194,264],"essential":[94],"reliable":[96,229],"goal":[105],"this":[107,139],"research":[108],"implementing":[110],"spatiotemporal":[112,236],"Bayesian":[113],"machine":[114,237],"learning":[115],"model":[116,156],"to":[117,157,178,226],"estimate":[118,134,230],"lower":[120,143,176],"bound":[121,144,177],"system.":[129,254],"To":[130],"obtain":[131,227],"an":[132,141,251],"accurate":[133,206],"study,":[140],"empirical":[142,175],"realized":[150],"considering":[151],"sensitivity":[153],"augmented":[159],"sample":[160],"size.":[161,211],"system":[164],"must":[165],"attain":[166],"greater":[171],"than":[172],"established":[174],"achieve":[179],"pertinent":[181],"accuracy.":[183],"It":[184],"was":[185],"found":[186],"that":[187,216],"photography,":[191],"at":[200],"least":[201],"0.3":[202],"required":[204,225,243],"A":[212],"notable":[213],"outcome":[214],"moderate":[218],"or":[222],"better":[223],"learning.":[238],"As":[239],"result,":[241],"recommended":[248],"when":[249],"designing":[250],"automated":[252],"number":[256],"location":[258],"cameras":[260],"will":[265],"determine":[266],"coverage.":[269],"Consequently,":[270],"home-range":[276],"verify":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}