{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392646030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030075","title":"A Rule-Based Algorithm and Its Specializations for Measuring the Complexity of Software in Educational Digital Environments","display_name":"A Rule-Based Algorithm and Its Specializations for Measuring the Complexity of Software in Educational Digital Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392646030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13030075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/75/pdf?version=1710148974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/75/pdf?version=1710148974","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055901603","display_name":"Artyom V. Gorchakov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-8165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Artyom V. Gorchakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technologies, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1977-8165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technologies, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014751855","display_name":"Liliya Demidova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-3746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liliya A. Demidova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technologies, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-3746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technologies, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019369289","display_name":"Peter N. Sovietov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-2429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135186","display_name":"MIREA - Russian Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qrtgy16","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter N. Sovietov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technologies, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-2429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technologies, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education, MIREA\u2014Russian Technological University, 78, Vernadsky Avenue, 119454 Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014751855","https://openalex.org/A5055901603"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135186"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":2.8412,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91488135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"75","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7783495187759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-metric","display_name":"Software metric","score":0.5562319755554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.5428199768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5372229814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-program-analysis","display_name":"Static program analysis","score":0.5199626684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.518198549747467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclomatic-complexity","display_name":"Cyclomatic complexity","score":0.5172786712646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.5107970237731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.5035378336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-complexity","display_name":"Programming complexity","score":0.49627166986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4911615550518036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4822564721107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.46153032779693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.41217681765556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3867080509662628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34546661376953125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7783495187759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.5562319755554199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.5428199768066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5372229814529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137287247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1329550","display_name":"Static program analysis","level":4,"score":0.5199626684188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.518198549747467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187303228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867330","display_name":"Cyclomatic complexity","level":3,"score":0.5172786712646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.5107970237731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.5035378336906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66429209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248499","display_name":"Programming complexity","level":5,"score":0.49627166986465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4911615550518036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4822564721107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.46153032779693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.41217681765556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3867080509662628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34546661376953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13030075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/75/pdf?version=1710148974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bce4e65b6f0243a9831d546fa65a1d13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bce4e65b6f0243a9831d546fa65a1d13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 75 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13030075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030075","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/75/pdf?version=1710148974","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6795392449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project No. FSFZ-2024-0023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327494","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392646030.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149771401","https://openalex.org/W1518498967","https://openalex.org/W1608787953","https://openalex.org/W1964962870","https://openalex.org/W1967031561","https://openalex.org/W1975599245","https://openalex.org/W2004260052","https://openalex.org/W2012520411","https://openalex.org/W2038214150","https://openalex.org/W2068965694","https://openalex.org/W2069386259","https://openalex.org/W2128906194","https://openalex.org/W2159739762","https://openalex.org/W2164107641","https://openalex.org/W2349549070","https://openalex.org/W2586796919","https://openalex.org/W2732305299","https://openalex.org/W2741555249","https://openalex.org/W2741561716","https://openalex.org/W2769811094","https://openalex.org/W2884453255","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W3018789892","https://openalex.org/W3044934120","https://openalex.org/W3104723315","https://openalex.org/W3183450454","https://openalex.org/W3195766984","https://openalex.org/W3206707049","https://openalex.org/W4200377039","https://openalex.org/W4205414202","https://openalex.org/W4238387639","https://openalex.org/W4283387427","https://openalex.org/W4308641593","https://openalex.org/W4309478017","https://openalex.org/W4309486433","https://openalex.org/W4310524405","https://openalex.org/W4380837090","https://openalex.org/W4386833013","https://openalex.org/W6642420019","https://openalex.org/W6847150090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367596435","https://openalex.org/W1975599245","https://openalex.org/W1546357795","https://openalex.org/W2183031094","https://openalex.org/W4280547434","https://openalex.org/W2381110373","https://openalex.org/W4253312614","https://openalex.org/W2901998761","https://openalex.org/W2605100026","https://openalex.org/W2186982672"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"software":[1,6,13,38,43],"systems":[2,14],"consist":[3],"of":[4,11,31,52,56,63,70,73,88,92,99,117,161,172,214,229],"many":[5],"components;":[7],"the":[8,27,50,54,67,71,86,97,114,118,123,134,159,165,173,219,226,264],"source":[9,32,227],"code":[10,64,74,228],"modern":[12],"is":[15,79,94,193],"hard":[16],"to":[17,25,96,131,144,232,269],"understand":[18],"and":[19,29,46,154,167,176,200,203,222,254,271],"maintain":[20],"for":[21,84,157,186],"new":[22,179],"developers.":[23],"Aiming":[24,130],"simplify":[26],"readability":[28],"understandability":[30],"code,":[33],"companies":[34],"that":[35,121,207,239,249],"specialize":[36],"in":[37,102,127,188,257],"development":[39],"adopt":[40],"programming":[41,243,260],"standards,":[42],"design":[44],"patterns,":[45],"static":[47],"analyzers":[48],"with":[49],"aim":[51],"decreasing":[53],"complexity":[55,87,160,180],"software.":[57,89],"Recent":[58],"research":[59],"introduced":[60],"a":[61,103,128,142,151,178,215,233,241],"number":[62,98],"metrics":[65,169,224],"allowing":[66],"numerical":[68],"characterization":[69],"maintainability":[72],"snippets.":[75],"Cyclomatic":[76],"Complexity":[77,136,184],"(CycC)":[78],"one":[80],"widely":[81],"used":[82],"metric":[83,138,181],"measuring":[85,158],"The":[90,245],"value":[91],"CycC":[93,108,166,199,270],"equal":[95],"decision":[100],"points":[101],"program":[104],"plus":[105],"one.":[106],"However,":[107],"does":[109],"not":[110],"take":[111],"into":[112],"account":[113],"nesting":[115],"levels":[116],"syntactic":[119],"structures":[120],"break":[122],"linear":[124],"control":[125],"flow":[126],"program.":[129,216],"resolve":[132],"this,":[133],"Cognitive":[135],"(CogC)":[137],"was":[139],"proposed":[140],"as":[141,196,198],"successor":[143],"CycC.":[145],"In":[146],"this":[147],"paper,":[148],"we":[149],"describe":[150],"rule-based":[152],"algorithm":[153,175],"its":[155],"specializations":[156],"programs.":[162],"We":[163,217],"express":[164],"CogC":[168,201],"by":[170,263],"means":[171],"described":[174],"propose":[177],"named":[182],"Educational":[183],"(EduC)":[185],"use":[187],"educational":[189],"digital":[190],"environments.":[191],"EduC":[192,223,250],"at":[194],"least":[195],"strict":[197],"are":[202,208],"includes":[204],"additional":[205],"checks":[206],"based":[209],"on":[210],"definition-use":[211],"graph":[212],"analysis":[213],"evaluate":[218],"CycC,":[220],"CogC,":[221],"using":[225],"programs":[230,256],"submitted":[231],"Digital":[234],"Teaching":[235],"Assistant":[236],"(DTA)":[237],"system":[238,266],"automates":[240],"university":[242],"course.":[244],"obtained":[246],"results":[247],"confirm":[248],"rejects":[251],"more":[252],"overcomplicated":[253],"difficult-to-understand":[255],"solving":[258],"unique":[259],"exercises":[261],"generated":[262],"DTA":[265],"when":[267],"compared":[268],"CogC.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}