{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392103452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030059","title":"Static Malware Analysis Using Low-Parameter Machine Learning Models","display_name":"Static Malware Analysis Using Low-Parameter Machine Learning Models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392103452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/59/pdf?version=1708669684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/59/pdf?version=1708669684","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093988236","display_name":"Ryan Baker del Aguila","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Baker del Aguila","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104248113","display_name":"Carlos Daniel Contreras P\u00e9rez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Daniel Contreras P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052296253","display_name":"Alejandra Guadalupe Silva Trujillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-8379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alejandra Guadalupe Silva-Trujillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-8379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053767366","display_name":"Juan C. Cuevas\u2010Tello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-0412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan C. Cuevas-Tello","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7566-0412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054386513","display_name":"Jose Nunez-Varela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-3453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196664497","display_name":"Autonomous University of San Luis Potos\u00ed","ror":"https://ror.org/000917t60","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Nunez-Varela","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-3453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potos\u00ed 78290, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052296253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196664497"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1732},"fwci":8.463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98434349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"3","first_page":"59","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8232209086418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6436108350753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4836915135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45831888914108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-analysis","display_name":"Malware analysis","score":0.4568028151988983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3405061960220337}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8232209086418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6436108350753784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4836915135383606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45831888914108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.4568028151988983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3405061960220337}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/59/pdf?version=1708669684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42323baf1eb24e049fa40b9536241406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42323baf1eb24e049fa40b9536241406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 59 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers13030059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers13030059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/3/59/pdf?version=1708669684","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392103452.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599808240","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1581066146","https://openalex.org/W1653273292","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2113099534","https://openalex.org/W2192611800","https://openalex.org/W2195361453","https://openalex.org/W2247776437","https://openalex.org/W2493224314","https://openalex.org/W2494442663","https://openalex.org/W2591102410","https://openalex.org/W2617675595","https://openalex.org/W2747715470","https://openalex.org/W2798980918","https://openalex.org/W2895892359","https://openalex.org/W2897300883","https://openalex.org/W2899776223","https://openalex.org/W2900587877","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2922344003","https://openalex.org/W2931858311","https://openalex.org/W2964051315","https://openalex.org/W2964262883","https://openalex.org/W2966399854","https://openalex.org/W2972552958","https://openalex.org/W3018991871","https://openalex.org/W3020273542","https://openalex.org/W3036603968","https://openalex.org/W3040974506","https://openalex.org/W3075942746","https://openalex.org/W3106196258","https://openalex.org/W3134731862","https://openalex.org/W4297477879","https://openalex.org/W6950146200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768892939","https://openalex.org/W2469507153","https://openalex.org/W2008790809","https://openalex.org/W2134874482","https://openalex.org/W3164408430","https://openalex.org/W4285507391","https://openalex.org/W2397240470","https://openalex.org/W2602767565","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W170652726"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2],"cybersecurity":[3],"threats":[4],"and":[5,16,62,82],"malware":[6,119],"have":[7,28],"brought":[8],"into":[9,91],"question":[10],"the":[11,31,41,49,65,92,109],"safety":[12],"of":[13,23,35,43,51,54,64,68,94],"modern":[14],"software":[15,55],"computer":[17],"systems.":[18],"As":[19],"a":[20],"direct":[21],"result":[22],"this,":[24],"artificial":[25,74],"intelligence-based":[26],"solutions":[27,47,98],"been":[29],"on":[30],"rise.":[32],"The":[33,57,87],"goal":[34],"this":[36],"paper":[37],"is":[38],"to":[39],"demonstrate":[40],"efficacy":[42],"memory-optimized":[44,95],"machine":[45,71,96],"learning":[46,72,97],"for":[48],"task":[50],"static":[52],"analysis":[53],"metadata.":[56],"study":[58,88],"comprises":[59],"an":[60],"evaluation":[61],"comparison":[63],"performance":[66,111],"metrics":[67],"three":[69],"popular":[70],"solutions:":[73],"neural":[75],"networks":[76],"(ANN),":[77],"support":[78],"vector":[79],"machines":[80,85],"(SVMs),":[81],"gradient":[83],"boosting":[84],"(GBMs).":[86],"provides":[89],"insights":[90],"effectiveness":[93],"when":[99],"detecting":[100],"previously":[101],"unseen":[102],"malware.":[103],"We":[104],"found":[105],"that":[106],"ANNs":[107],"shows":[108],"best":[110],"with":[112,123],"93.44%":[113],"accuracy":[114],"classifying":[115],"programs":[116],"as":[117],"either":[118],"or":[120],"legitimate":[121],"even":[122],"extreme":[124],"memory":[125],"constraints.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}