{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388660912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12110231","title":"Utilizing an Attention-Based LSTM Model for Detecting Sarcasm and Irony in Social Media","display_name":"Utilizing an Attention-Based LSTM Model for Detecting Sarcasm and Irony in Social Media","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388660912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12110231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12110231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12110231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/11/231/pdf?version=1699934075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/11/231/pdf?version=1699934075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030558567","display_name":"Deborah Olaniyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-060X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deborah Olaniyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251103, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-060X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251103, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071054943","display_name":"Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-2824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["LT","NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251103, Nigeria","Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251103, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102579107","display_name":"Olorunfemi Paul Bernard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154431","display_name":"Auchi Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/058qd2v11","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154431"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olorunfemi Paul Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi 312101, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Auchi Polytechnic, Auchi 312101, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154431"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009920995","display_name":"Julius Olaniyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Olaniyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251103, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Landmark University, Omu-Aran 251103, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039508726","display_name":"Rytis Maskeli\u016bnas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rytis Maskeli\u016bnas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-2213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Multimedia Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029158397","display_name":"Hakeem Babalola Akande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134542131","display_name":"University of Ilorin","ror":"https://ror.org/032kdwk38","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakeem Babalola Akande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0704-6143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134542131"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071054943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986","https://openalex.org/I304664074"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":3.8941,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94893289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"11","first_page":"231","last_page":"231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11148","display_name":"Language, Metaphor, and Cognition","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcasm","display_name":"Sarcasm","score":0.9972319602966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irony","display_name":"Irony","score":0.8713219165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.6914104223251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6332219839096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.6195211410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.5610762238502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5498256683349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5088277459144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4856239855289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3231944441795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2593463361263275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09710904955863953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191035","display_name":"Sarcasm","level":3,"score":0.9972319602966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779975665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131361","display_name":"Irony","level":2,"score":0.8713219165802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.6914104223251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6332219839096069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.6195211410522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5610762238502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5498256683349609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5088277459144592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4856239855289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3231944441795349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2593463361263275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09710904955863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12110231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12110231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/11/231/pdf?version=1699934075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktu.edu:elaba:198073773","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vb.ktu.edu/KTU:ELABAPDB198073773&prefLang=en_US","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922255","display_name":"KTUePubl (Repository of Kaunas University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN 2073-431X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7128533820104f8b84c4dc9e0d7ce83e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7128533820104f8b84c4dc9e0d7ce83e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 12, Iss 11, p 231 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12110231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12110231","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/11/231/pdf?version=1699934075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388660912.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388660912.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041400887","https://openalex.org/W2112251034","https://openalex.org/W2251379416","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2770889229","https://openalex.org/W2908540075","https://openalex.org/W2945325682","https://openalex.org/W2970552180","https://openalex.org/W2982645239","https://openalex.org/W3000333714","https://openalex.org/W3010894932","https://openalex.org/W3035529900","https://openalex.org/W3048195943","https://openalex.org/W3090245549","https://openalex.org/W3116718057","https://openalex.org/W3133307872","https://openalex.org/W3138407803","https://openalex.org/W4205291735","https://openalex.org/W4206298949","https://openalex.org/W4214548551","https://openalex.org/W4214876413","https://openalex.org/W4220864080","https://openalex.org/W4244668517","https://openalex.org/W4245429180","https://openalex.org/W4292707523","https://openalex.org/W4303985263","https://openalex.org/W4316464426","https://openalex.org/W4327500314","https://openalex.org/W4381661059","https://openalex.org/W6775333044","https://openalex.org/W6791175307","https://openalex.org/W6889073121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W589925897","https://openalex.org/W2561892072","https://openalex.org/W848438165","https://openalex.org/W1994630074","https://openalex.org/W2085360624","https://openalex.org/W2565799483","https://openalex.org/W4389966924","https://openalex.org/W2477419824","https://openalex.org/W4236794834","https://openalex.org/W2504599425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sarcasm":[0],"and":[1,16,47,50,71,92,99,107,115,157],"irony":[2,51,108],"represent":[3],"intricate":[4,141],"linguistic":[5],"forms":[6],"in":[7,45,75,139,144],"social":[8,53,117,162],"media":[9,54,118,163],"communication,":[10],"demanding":[11],"nuanced":[12],"comprehension":[13],"of":[14,43,85,105,123,129,161],"context":[15],"tone.":[17],"In":[18],"this":[19,130],"study,":[20],"we":[21,81],"propose":[22],"an":[23,34,40,158],"advanced":[24],"natural":[25],"language":[26,90,142],"processing":[27],"methodology":[28],"utilizing":[29],"long":[30],"short-term":[31],"memory":[32],"with":[33],"attention":[35],"mechanism":[36],"(LSTM-AM)":[37],"to":[38,101],"achieve":[39],"impressive":[41],"accuracy":[42],"99.86%":[44],"detecting":[46],"interpreting":[48],"sarcasm":[49,106],"within":[52],"text.":[55],"Our":[56],"approach":[57],"involves":[58],"innovating":[59],"novel":[60],"deep":[61],"learning":[62,87],"models":[63,91],"adept":[64],"at":[65],"capturing":[66],"subtle":[67],"cues,":[68],"contextual":[69],"dependencies,":[70],"sentiment":[72,153],"shifts":[73],"inherent":[74],"sarcastic":[76],"or":[77],"ironic":[78],"statements.":[79],"Furthermore,":[80],"explore":[82],"the":[83,103,121],"potential":[84],"transfer":[86],"from":[88],"extensive":[89],"integrating":[93],"multimodal":[94],"information,":[95],"such":[96],"as":[97],"emojis":[98],"images,":[100],"heighten":[102],"precision":[104],"detection.":[109],"Rigorous":[110],"evaluation":[111],"against":[112],"benchmark":[113],"datasets":[114],"real-world":[116],"content":[119],"showcases":[120],"efficacy":[122],"our":[124],"proposed":[125],"models.":[126],"The":[127],"outcomes":[128],"research":[131],"hold":[132],"paramount":[133],"significance,":[134],"offering":[135],"a":[136],"substantial":[137],"advancement":[138],"comprehending":[140],"nuances":[143],"digital":[145],"communication.":[146],"These":[147],"findings":[148],"carry":[149],"profound":[150],"implications":[151],"for":[152],"analysis,":[154],"opinion":[155],"mining,":[156],"enhanced":[159],"understanding":[160],"dynamics.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
