{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387672620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12100207","title":"Augmented Reality in Primary Education: An Active Learning Approach in Mathematics","display_name":"Augmented Reality in Primary Education: An Active Learning Approach in Mathematics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387672620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12100207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12100207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12100207","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/10/207/pdf?version=1697436412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/10/207/pdf?version=1697436412","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023264342","display_name":"Christina Volioti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-8353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina Volioti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-8353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028323884","display_name":"Christos Orovas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-5134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Orovas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Products and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4797-5134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Products and Systems Design Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058372917","display_name":"Theodosios Sapounidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theodosios Sapounidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-2516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093070642","display_name":"George Trachanas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Trachanas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049935274","display_name":"Euclid Keramopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-6477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183898223","display_name":"International Hellenic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00708jp83","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Euclid Keramopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6566-6477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, 57400 Sindos, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183898223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058372917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":2.0516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88104428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"207","last_page":"207"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11370","display_name":"Mobile Learning in Education","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enthusiasm","display_name":"Enthusiasm","score":0.7728703618049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.675848126411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.6698346734046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.5641657710075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.5387007594108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46585091948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4485357403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4231453537940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.42232292890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.33472365140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3270549178123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.16160380840301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09419173002243042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840407","display_name":"Enthusiasm","level":2,"score":0.7728703618049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.675848126411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6698346734046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.5641657710075378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5387007594108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46585091948509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4485357403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4231453537940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42232292890548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.33472365140914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3270549178123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.16160380840301514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09419173002243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12100207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12100207","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/10/207/pdf?version=1697436412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ffb48408cc7b43258e94b2ce4c28c04b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ffb48408cc7b43258e94b2ce4c28c04b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 12, Iss 10, p 207 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12100207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12100207","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/10/207/pdf?version=1697436412","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387672620.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591743112","https://openalex.org/W1641287388","https://openalex.org/W1985670288","https://openalex.org/W2024502936","https://openalex.org/W2032191478","https://openalex.org/W2052377591","https://openalex.org/W2122122381","https://openalex.org/W2134512579","https://openalex.org/W2183696119","https://openalex.org/W2591658759","https://openalex.org/W2909421894","https://openalex.org/W2954701622","https://openalex.org/W2965636594","https://openalex.org/W2969748103","https://openalex.org/W2981449669","https://openalex.org/W2995497531","https://openalex.org/W3002004994","https://openalex.org/W3025561085","https://openalex.org/W3034730371","https://openalex.org/W3037509157","https://openalex.org/W3046999324","https://openalex.org/W3081709553","https://openalex.org/W3109567461","https://openalex.org/W3125191610","https://openalex.org/W3146281720","https://openalex.org/W3207724250","https://openalex.org/W3215940445","https://openalex.org/W4211241110","https://openalex.org/W4285090714","https://openalex.org/W4309091233","https://openalex.org/W4313343095","https://openalex.org/W4387140200","https://openalex.org/W6686437892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151328441","https://openalex.org/W2392738674","https://openalex.org/W2390409831","https://openalex.org/W3018011161","https://openalex.org/W2356952453","https://openalex.org/W1553417351","https://openalex.org/W2399852854","https://openalex.org/W2367268653","https://openalex.org/W2808718538","https://openalex.org/W2351478009"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Active":[0],"learning,":[1],"a":[2,81,98],"student-centered":[3],"approach,":[4],"engages":[5],"students":[6,166,173,184],"in":[7,68],"the":[8,30,47,91,94,129,148,159,164,169,175,182,193,196],"learning":[9,23,67,197],"process":[10],"and":[11,41,110,118,140,171],"requires":[12],"them":[13],"to":[14,64,137,146,191],"solve":[15],"problems":[16],"using":[17],"educational":[18,77],"activities":[19],"that":[20,61,163,186],"enhance":[21,192],"their":[22],"outcomes.":[24],"Augmented":[25],"Reality":[26],"(AR)":[27],"has":[28],"revolutionized":[29],"field":[31],"of":[32,49,93,178,195],"education":[33,111,172],"by":[34],"creating":[35],"an":[36,56],"intuitive":[37],"environment":[38],"where":[39],"real":[40],"virtual":[42],"objects":[43],"interact,":[44],"thereby":[45],"facilitating":[46],"understanding":[48],"complex":[50],"concepts.":[51],"Consequently,":[52],"this":[53],"research":[54],"proposes":[55],"application,":[57,97],"called":[58],"\u201cCooking":[59],"Math\u201d,":[60],"utilizes":[62],"AR":[63,96],"promote":[65],"active":[66],"sixth-grade":[69,121],"elementary":[70,122,165],"school":[71,123],"mathematics.":[72],"The":[73,151],"application":[74],"comprises":[75],"various":[76],"games,":[78],"each":[79],"presenting":[80],"real-life":[82],"problem,":[83],"particularly":[84],"focused":[85],"on":[86],"cooking":[87],"recipes.":[88],"To":[89,125],"evaluate":[90],"usability":[92],"proposed":[95],"pilot":[99],"study":[100],"was":[101,135],"conducted":[102],"involving":[103],"three":[104],"groups:":[105],"(a)":[106,128],"65":[107],"undergraduate":[108,115],"philosophy":[109,170],"students,":[112,117],"(b)":[113,141],"74":[114],"engineering":[116,183],"(c)":[119],"35":[120],"students.":[124],"achieve":[126],"this,":[127],"System":[130],"Usability":[131],"Scale":[132],"(SUS)":[133],"questionnaire":[134],"provided":[136],"all":[138],"participants":[139],"semi-structured":[142],"interviews":[143],"were":[144,154,189],"organized":[145],"gather":[147],"participants\u2019":[149],"perspectives.":[150],"SUS":[152],"results":[153],"quite":[155],"satisfactory.":[156],"In":[157],"addition,":[158],"interviews\u2019":[160],"outcomes":[161],"indicated":[162],"displayed":[167],"enthusiasm,":[168],"emphasized":[174],"pedagogy":[176],"value":[177],"such":[179],"technology,":[180],"while":[181],"suggested":[185],"further":[187],"improvements":[188],"necessary":[190],"effectiveness":[194],"experience.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
