{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386246493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090173","title":"Torus-Connected Toroids: An Efficient Topology for Interconnection Networks","display_name":"Torus-Connected Toroids: An Efficient Topology for Interconnection Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386246493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12090173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/9/173/pdf?version=1693298030","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/9/173/pdf?version=1693298030","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058447810","display_name":"Antoine Bossard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-9346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41802502","display_name":"Kanagawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j6c0d67","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41802502"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Bossard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Yokohama 221-8686, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-9346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Yokohama 221-8686, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41802502"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058447810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41802502"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1782},"fwci":0.4002,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61188432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"173","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interconnection","display_name":"Interconnection","score":0.8617573976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torus","display_name":"Torus","score":0.8235282301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.7499415874481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.7280447483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6083575487136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toroid","display_name":"Toroid","score":0.5367748737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.513458788394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel","display_name":"Massively parallel","score":0.4222591817378998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2914300560951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2183750867843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2079930305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1794188916683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0972796082496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.06016072630882263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123745756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665949","display_name":"Interconnection","level":2,"score":0.8617573976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9767117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12510","display_name":"Torus","level":2,"score":0.8235282301902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.7499415874481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.7280447483062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6083575487136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15001198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241394","display_name":"Toroid","level":3,"score":0.5367748737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.513458788394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.4222591817378998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2914300560951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2183750867843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2079930305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1794188916683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0972796082496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06016072630882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12090173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/9/173/pdf?version=1693298030","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96ab5d08e2974f4cb1a7e2d087b9b4fb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96ab5d08e2974f4cb1a7e2d087b9b4fb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computers, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 173 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computers12090173","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computers12090173","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/12/9/173/pdf?version=1693298030","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228075","display_name":"Computers","issn_l":"2073-431X","issn":["2073-431X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5534454343","display_name":"Cluster-fault-tolerant routing methods in tori","funder_award_id":"19K11887","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323550","display_name":"Kanagawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02j6c0d67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386246493.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W282449985","https://openalex.org/W2009852231","https://openalex.org/W2025519369","https://openalex.org/W2048699896","https://openalex.org/W2049644498","https://openalex.org/W2053923354","https://openalex.org/W2073491596","https://openalex.org/W2082154292","https://openalex.org/W2118323567","https://openalex.org/W2124470961","https://openalex.org/W2143448425","https://openalex.org/W2148482347","https://openalex.org/W2170544817","https://openalex.org/W2179233908","https://openalex.org/W2190232657","https://openalex.org/W2213462010","https://openalex.org/W2400761645","https://openalex.org/W2537758478","https://openalex.org/W2737473534","https://openalex.org/W2899187877","https://openalex.org/W3035680301","https://openalex.org/W3093964144","https://openalex.org/W3129251660","https://openalex.org/W4205999475","https://openalex.org/W4245608944","https://openalex.org/W6663984851","https://openalex.org/W6681854182","https://openalex.org/W6741014872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167530280","https://openalex.org/W2013173893","https://openalex.org/W2163803384","https://openalex.org/W2810598808","https://openalex.org/W2321297009","https://openalex.org/W4313654668","https://openalex.org/W3099927136","https://openalex.org/W2209637120","https://openalex.org/W44066255","https://openalex.org/W4312120449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"supercomputers":[1],"embody":[2],"hundreds":[3],"of":[4,6,54,76,79,85,92,120,142],"thousands":[5],"compute":[7,132],"nodes,":[8],"and":[9,29,67,135,230,235],"sometimes":[10],"millions;":[11],"as":[12,36],"such,":[13],"they":[14],"are":[15,163],"massively":[16,184],"parallel":[17,185],"systems.":[18],"Node":[19],"interconnection":[20,52,166],"is":[21,45,68,100,113,137,196,246],"thus":[22],"critical":[23],"to":[24,40,102,115,125,128,193,221,239,248],"maximise":[25],"the":[26,30,46,51,55,69,74,77,83,89,105,118,121,130,140,201,208,224,243],"computing":[27],"performance,":[28],"torus":[31,123,202],"topology":[32,91,124,182,203,211,245],"has":[33],"come":[34],"out":[35],"a":[37,110,143,151,179],"popular":[38],"solution":[39],"this":[41,80,136,172],"crucial":[42],"issue.":[43],"This":[44],"case,":[47],"for":[48,50,104,183,204],"example,":[49],"network":[53,90,145,210,225],"Fujitsu":[56,106],"Fugaku,":[57],"which":[58,174,242],"was":[59],"ranked":[60],"world":[61,70],"no.":[62,71],"1":[63],"until":[64],"May":[65],"2022":[66],"2":[72],"at":[73,139,148],"time":[75],"writing":[78],"article.":[81],"Here,":[82],"number":[84],"dimensions":[86],"used":[87],"by":[88],"such":[93,150,161],"torus-based":[94],"interconnects":[95,162],"stays":[96],"rather":[97],"low:":[98],"it":[99,112,199,213,238],"equal":[101],"three":[103],"Fugaku\u2019s":[107],"interconnect.":[108],"As":[109],"result,":[111],"necessary":[114],"greatly":[116],"increase":[117],"arity":[119],"underlying":[122],"be":[126],"able":[127],"connect":[129],"numerous":[131],"nodes":[133],"involved,":[134],"eventually":[138],"cost":[141],"higher":[144],"diameter.":[146,226],"Aiming":[147],"avoiding":[149],"dramatic":[152],"diameter":[153],"rise,":[154],"topologies":[155,195],"can":[156],"also":[157],"combine":[158],"several":[159],"layers:":[160],"called":[164],"hierarchical":[165],"networks":[167],"(HIN).":[168],"We":[169,227],"propose,":[170],"in":[171,219],"paper,":[173],"extends":[175],"an":[176,215],"earlier":[177],"study,":[178],"novel":[180],"interconnect":[181],"systems,":[186],"torus-connected":[187],"toroids":[188],"(TCT),":[189],"whose":[190],"advantage":[191],"compared":[192],"existing":[194],"that":[197],"while":[198],"retains":[200],"its":[205],"desirable":[206],"properties,":[207],"TCT":[209,244],"combines":[212],"with":[214],"additional":[216],"layer,":[217],"toroids,":[218],"order":[220],"significantly":[222],"lower":[223],"both":[228],"theoretically":[229],"empirically":[231],"evaluate":[232],"our":[233],"proposal":[234],"quantitatively":[236],"compare":[237],"conventional":[240],"approaches,":[241],"shown":[247],"supersede.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}